XC. — ANALYTICAL DRAWINGS OF THE 
BARBERRY, POPPY, AND FUMITORY FAMILIES. 
[Berbertdacea, Papaveracea, and Fumariacece.) 
O F the three Families represented by the seven species analysed on this Plate, the 
first, the Berberidace^e, is more nearly related to the Family that precedes it, 
the Ranunculacea, than it is to the other Families dealt with here. Their leaves are 
scattered and usually exstipulate : their sepals are petaloid : their petals and stamens 
are numerous and hypogynous ; and the seed is albuminous. There are, however, 
striking differences, such as the woody, spinous habit ; the parts of the flower being 
in multiples of two or three, but never of five ; and the remarkable operculate mode 
in which the anthers dehisce. The first line of figures on the Plate represents our 
only British member of the Family, the Common Barberry {Berbem vulgaris Linn6), 
Fig. I being a flower seen from above, or, perhaps, as the blossoms hang inverted, 
we should say rather from below ; Fig. 2 representing a petal with a superposed 
stamen, seen, of course, from within ; Fig. 3, an enlargement of a flower seen in 
longitudinal section ; Fig. 4, a petal and stamen and the gynaeceum ; Fig. 5, the 
fruit ; Fig. 6, a seed in section ; and Fig. 7, a shoot on which the primary leaf, and, 
perhaps, its stipules, are represented by three spines in the axil of which is a shoot 
bearing a secondary leaf. 
The Order Rhceadales comprises not only the Families Papaveracete and Fumari- 
acete, analysed on this Plate, but also the Cruciferte — the subjects of the following 
ten Plates — and the Resedacea^ represented by Plates Cl and Cl I and analysed 
on Plate CXII. These Families agree in having cyclic, heterochlamydeous, 
hypogynous flowers and two or more carpels united to form a superior ovary. 
The Papaveracea, or Poppy Family, represented by the second, third, fourth, 
and fifth rows of figures on this Plate, agree in being herbaceous plants with a 
thick, milky, acrid latex ; exstipulate simple leaves ; polysymmetric flowers with two 
sepals, four petals, and numerous stamens ; and capsular fruits with many, small, 
albuminous seeds and parietal placentation. 
The second row of figures on the Plate represents the Greater Celandine 
[Chelidonium majus Linn6), Fig. i being a flower natural size ; Fig. 2, the long 
pod-like fruit, resembling that of the Crucifera^ but without the septum or partition 
distinctive of that Family ; Fig. 3, the same opened so as to exhibit the parietal 
placentation ; Fig. 4, the same dehiscing naturally when ripe by the separation of 
two valves from below upwards ; and Fig. 5, an enlargement of a seed, showing the 
lines of deep pits across its testa and the crest on its side. 
The four figures in the third line represent the Yellow Horned Poppy 
{Glaucium flavum Crantz), the first showing the flower in longitudinal section ; the 
second, the essential organs at this early stage of development ; the third, a portion 
of the long pod, broken open so as to show the seeds imbedded in the two spongy 
parietal placentas ; and the fourth, a magnified view of a seed. 
