10 
BEAUTIFUL GARDEN FLOWERS. 
from the time the seed has been sown until flowers 
and seeds are produced again. It is, therefore, usual 
to sow these plants one year so that the plants will 
flower the following. This process lias to be adopted 
with some true perennials also. The best known 
biennial plants of decorative garden value are : Cam- 
panula Medium (Canterbury Bell) ; Centaurea Cyanus 
(Cornflower) ; Cheiranthus Cheiri (the Wallflower) ; 
Coreopsis grandiflora ; Dianthus barbatus (Sweet 
William) ; Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) ; Heracleum 
villosum (Cartwheel flower) ; Hesperis matronalis 
(Dame r s Violet) ; Lunaria biennis (Honesty) ; Lychnis 
coronaria (Campion) ; Malcolmia tristis (Niglit-scented 
stock) ; Micliauxia campanuloides ; (Enothera biennis 
(Evening Primrose) ; Scabiosa caucasica (really 
a perennial) ; and Symphyandra Hoffmanni. 
PROPAGATION OF HARDY PLANTS.— Hardy 
herbaceous plants may be multiplied by (i) seeds ; 
(ii) cuttings of the shoots ; (iii) cuttings of the roots ; 
(iv) division of the rootstocks ; and (v) layering 
the stems. Owing to the fact that the stems of 
most plants known as “ hardy herbaceous ” naturally 
die down to the ground each winter, their increase 
by budding or grafting is practically out of the ques- 
tion. The five methods usually employed may be 
briefly considered separately. 
1. Hardy Plants from Seeds. — All annuals, whether 
hardy or lialf-hardy, are necessarily raised from seeds. 
Most biennials are raised in the same way, although 
choice varieties may be propagated by cuttings or 
slips of the non -flowering shoots — chiefly during the 
summer months. Many hardy plants with perennial 
