VIOLETS AND PANSIES. 
lot 
In the open air Sweet Violets may be grown with 
fair success in rich and moist sandy loam and leaf 
soil, in situations facing north or west, but not due 
south. The great point is to keep them cool and 
moist during hot dry summers, otherwise they will be 
destroyed by green fly or red spider, or both. The 
plants should be sprinkled in the morning and evening 
to keep the foliage clean, and to refresh it generally. 
To secure a supply of Sweet Violets during the 
winter months the plants should be carefully lifted 
about the middle or end of September, and transferred 
to cold frames or old liot-beds. A rich compost of 
sandy loam, leaf soil, and well-decayed manure should 
be ready for their reception. The roots should be 
disturbed as little as possible, the plants afterwards 
being well watered. For a week or ten days the 
frames may be kept close until the plants become 
established, after which plenty of air and light should 
be given on all favourable occasions. 
When it is desired to increase Sweet Violets, the 
old tufts may be divided when the flowering season is 
over, and planted in rich moist soil in a shaded and 
sheltered spot. Cuttings of the basal shoots may 
also be rooted in frames during the summer. 
The Pansy and Heartsease (V. tricolor) have been 
developed into three distinct groups, viz. : — (i) the 
English or show varieties which are either white 
grounds, yellow grounds, or seifs ; (ii) the Belgian or 
Fancy Varieties, usually large and richly coloured 
flowers ; and (iii) Tufted Pansies or Violas, which 
have been evolved from V. cornuta, V. lutea, V. amcena, 
and V. striata and various forms of the English and 
