24 
Forest Flora of Portuguese East Africa. 
rachis which is usually subtended by one prickle or a pair of prickles. Panicle 5-8 c.m. long, many-flowered, flowers 4-merous; fruit 2-valved, dehiscent, obovate, 
acute, 1 -seeded, scarlet in coast specimens which are also firmly succulent. Stem set with sharp hooked prickles. 
Plate XVII. A. 1, Fruiting branch ; 2, Panicle; 3, Male flower; 4, Tree, general aspect (much reduced). 
For uses see “ Forest Flora of Cape Colony." 
45. TODDALIA. Flowers unisexual ; calyx small, 4-lobed; petals 4, free. Male flower — stamens 8, with slender filaments inserted round the short gynophore bearing the 
abortive 4-angled pistil. Female flower — stamens small and abortive or absent; ovary shortly stalked, 4-celled; cells 2-ovuled, stigma sessile, discoid. Fruit 
leathery, indehiscent, 1-4 seeded, seeds albuminous. Leaves alternate, 3-foliate, exstipulate. Trees and shrubs. 
T. Lanceolata, Lam. Vern. names — 1, White Ironwood; 4, 15, Mbotane; 5, 6, 7, 8, Mooia and Moowele; 13, Umzani. A glabrous tree, sometimes of large size and 
yielding valuable timber, concerning which see “Forest Flora of Cape Colony,” page 157 and Plate XXII. Leaves digitately 3-foliate, or near the panicle 1-2 
foliate; leaflets lanceolate, undulate, entire, 5-8 c.m. long, 1-3 c.m. wide, almost sessile, and jointed to the petiole. Flowers small, greenish, in much branched 
terminal panicles. Fruit 4-celled, when dry 4-lobed, 5 m.m. wide, usually 4-seeded. Frequent in the extra-tropical parts of the Province, though seldom so large 
as in Cape Colony and Natal; present also throughout the tropical districts of the Province. 
Plate XXV. C. I, Fruiting branch; 2, Flower, x 7; 3, Cross section of ovary. 
FAMILY XVI. — SIMARUBEAi. 
Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, regular; calyx 4-5 partite; petals as many; stamens as many or twice as many, filaments free; ovary syncarpous or lobed or of 
free carpels, inserted upon a fleshy thickened disc; ovules solitary or germinate. Leaves alternate, simple, 2-foliate or pinnate. Inflorescence various. 
46. KIRKIA. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, 4-merous; stamens 4, alternate with the petals; ovary small, 4-lobed, 4-celled; styles free; ovules solitary. Fruit dry, 
oblong, tetraquetrous, separating at length into four i-seeded indehiscent cocci suspended by the apex from a central carpophore. Seeds exalbuminous. 
K. acuminata, Oliv. A glabrous tree with alternate, exstipulate, multifoliate leaves 15-30 c.m. long, the leaflets 13-19, sub-opposite or alternate, obliquely lanceolate, 
pointed, serrulate, glabrous, 5-8 c.m. long, 1-5-2 '5 c.m. wide, on short petioles. Flowers in numerous, pedunculate, cymose corymbs from the axils of the upper 
leaves, forming a broad leafy panicle. Fruit 15 c.m. long, 5-7 m.m. wide. Hook. Icon. PI. 1036. Zambesia, at Lupata, and near Senna (Sir John Kirk). 
47- SURIANA. Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-merous, yellow. Stamens 5, free, with hairy filaments, and 5 shorter, outer, without anthers. Carpels 5, free, each an indehiscent 
i-seeded nut w'ith a separate lateral style. Ovules geminate. Monotypic. 
S. maritima, Linn. A much-branched pubescent shrub 2-4 metres high, with simple rather crowded oblanceolate, shortly petioled leaves 2-3 c.m. long, 3-4 m.m. wide, 
and few-flowered corymbs almost or quite terminal. Calyx 5 lobed, lobes acute. Petals rather longer, obovate with a short claw; open corolla 2 c.m. wide. Styles 
5, 10 m.m. long. Abundant at Bartholomew Dias, where it forms a large proportion of the litoral scrub, but keeps beyond the tidal mud, growing on sand and 
rock alike. Also found at Mozambique and northward, near the sea. 
Plate XXV. B. i, Flowering branch ; 2, Flower, x 2 ; 3, Petal, x 2 ; 4, Stamens and pistil, x 4 ; 5, Stamen, x6; 6, Pistil, x 3. 
48. IRVINGIA. “ Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-partite; petals 5; stamens 10 inserted under a thick fleshy hypogynous disc; filaments filiform. Ovary ovoid, com- 
pressed, glabrous, inserted upon a broad disc; style simple; stigma simple; ovules solitary; fruit rather large, drupaceous i-seeded ; (PT.R.S.) pericarp woody or 
with fleshy epicarp. Glabrous trees. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, petiolate, with narrow, early deciduous, convolute stipules, leaving annular scars. Flowers 
yellowish, pedicellate, in terminal or axillary paniculate or fascicled racemes, ebracteate.” 
A Tropical African genus consisting of 2 West African species to which with some hesitation — especially in the absence of flowers — I add another, which 
differs from the generic description in having a 2-celled stone with a seed in each cell. 
