IQO 
Forest Flora of Portuguese East Africa. 
and shortly pointed, entire, firm in texture, 7-15 c.m. wide and long, with a thickened margin, and glabrous or with more or less pubescence on the veins on either 
or both surfaces. Veins sometimes bright scarlet, radiating from the base. Petioles 7-15 c.m. long ; petioles and young wood at first pubescent with white hairs. 
Stipules 15 c.m. long. A most ornamental foliage plant, worth cultivation as such, but probably changing into a very different form with maturity. I cannot 
connect this with any other species here described. Sim 6302. 
Plate XCIV. B. 
F. umbrosa. (New species) 1 Vent, name — 10, Totowe. Large shady tree. Stipules 1-5 c.m. long; petioles 8-12 c.m. long, slender; leaf cordate with an abrupt point 
2 c.m. long, glabrous and shining dark-green above, paler below, entire, firmly herbaceous. Figs abundant, several together from warts on the old wood, almost 
sessile, 2-5 c.m. long and diameter, tapering somewhat to the base, dark-green, glabrous, with a somewhat reticulated surface. Florets stalked or sessile, with or 
without perianth bracts. A highly ornamental tree, frequent from Quelimane northward. Sim 5549. 
Plate LXXXYIII. i, Tree, general aspect, much reduced ; 2, Branch ; 3, Fruits ; 4, Sessile floret without bracts ; 5, Stalked floret with bracts. 
F. Utilis. (New species.) 2 Vein, names— 4, Mpama ; 6, Mpaam and Chailo ; 13, Mpai. Leaf 15-24 c.m. long, 10-12 c.m. wide, elliptic from a somewhat heart-shaped 
base, bluntly pointed, leathery, and with a 5-10 c.m. stout petiole. Fruits pubescent, almost or quite sessile, produced singly, or several together on undeveloped 
branchlets, nearly globose, 2 c.m. diameter. Stipule from bud membranaceous, 10-15 c.m. long, 3*5 c.m. wide, blunt, yellowish, and spotted brown all over. Tree 
flat-topped or rounded, single-stemmed by nature, but often cultivated to the extent of being cut off at the ground so as to produce 4-6 clean young coppice branches 
without knots and of rapid growth, from which to obtain liber, which, after preparation, is used as cloth. This is the source of all the native cloth in the M’Chopes 
district. The tree grows throughout the Province, usually on dry light sandy soil ; it occurs also in Natal and Zululand, but the manufacture of cloth from it is 
confined to M’Chopes, and these cloths are carried to neighbouring districts and sold, where the tree itself is abundant but only used for rough cordage or for 
caoutchouc. This latter product is yielded abundantly, but is of low quality and value. The preference of M’Chopes cloth I can only account for by the local 
knowledge of the art of coppicing, and the suitable stems produced thereby. Sim 6125. 
Plate XCI. I, Leaf, medium size ; 2, Fruits ; 3, Section of fruits ; 4, Stipule, from bud ; 5, Tree, general aspect ; 6, Tree, as grown by coppices for cloth production. 
F. zuvalensis. (New species.)3 Vern. names — 4, Pama ; 6, Chailo. Large tree, very similar in general appearance to F. utilis, but differing in having shorter and 
more distinctly cordate leaves 10-15 c.m. long, 10 C.m. wide, velvety pubescent on the petiole and under surface, as also are the young branches, figs and bracts. 
Stipules glabrous, 2-5 c.m. long, pointed ; petioles 5 c.m. long, stout. Fruit axillary 2-2-5 c.m. diameter, sessile, pointed. Leaves of firm, leathery consistence, 
shining above. Districts of Zuvala, Quisico, and Inhambane ; also occasionally in Gaza and Lourenzo Marques. Usually found near water. Sim 5515. 
Plate XCIII. A. 
F. Howardiana. (New species.)* Vern. name — 4 Shinshamfaan, which also is applied to F. delagoensis. Leaves 5-10 c.m. long, 4-6 c.m. wide, elliptical from a 
cordate base, round or blunt at the apex, the lamina meeting on the upper surface of the 2-3 c.m. stout petiole ; under surface of leaf closely reticulated, the larger 
veins in strong relief, the under surface as well as the petiole, stem and figs densely pubescent. Stipules 1-2 5 c.m. long, membranaceous, caducous, pubescent on 
the back or glabrescent. Figs 2 c.m. diameter or less, globose, sessile or nearly so, the mouth slightly depressed, inconspicuous. Tree to 10 metres height, not 
' Ficus umbrosa. (Sp. nov.) Arbor grandis umbrosa ; foliis cordalis, in cuspidem 2 c.m. longis productis, glahris, integris, lirmis, pagina superiore atro-viridi, inferiore pallidiore ; fructibus crebris, 
fasciculatis, e verrucis caulis corticis ortis, subsessilibus, 25 cm. longis et latis, infra nonnihil coarctatis, atroviridibus, glabris, nonnihil reticulato-venosis ; floribus pedunculatis vel sessilibus. Frequens e 
Quelimane septentrionem versus. Sim 5549. Tab. LXXXVIII. 
Ficus utilis. (Sp. nov.) Arbor grandis j foliis clliptico-cordatis, 15-24 c.m. longis, 10-12 c.m. latis, obtusis, coriaceis ; petiolo crasso, 5-10 c.m. longo ; stipulis (Pimmaturis) membranaceis 10-15 
c.m. longis, 3-5 c.m. lalis, obtusis, flavidis, maculis brunneis nolatis ; fructibus solitariis vel confertis, fere globosis, 2 c.m. diam., pubescentibus. In locis aienosis per Provinciam, Natal et Zululand. 
Sim 6125. Tab. XCI. 
1 Ficus zuvalensis. (Sp. nov.) Arbor grandis, F. ulili similis, nisi foliis brevioribus et magis cordalis, 10-15 c.m. longis, 10 c.m. latis, pagina superiore nitida, pagina inferiore, petiolo 5 c.m. longo. 
ramulis junioribus, bracteis et fructibus pubescentia vclutina obsitis ; stipulis glabi is, acutis, 2-5 c.m. longis; fructibus axillaribus, sessilibus, acutis, 2-2-5 c.m. diam. Zuvala, Guisico, Inhambane; rarius in 
Gaza el Lourenzo Marques. Sim 5515. Tab. XCIII. A. 
* Ficus Ilowardiana. (Sp. nov.) Arbor, 10 m. alius; cauli Co c.m. diam. ; foliis cordato-ellipticis, 5-10 c.m. longis, 4-6 c.m. latis, obtusis, laminae basi brevissime subpeltata ; pagina inferiore crebre 
rcticulato-venosa, venis primariis prominentibus ; pagina inferiore, petiolo crasso 2-3 c.m. longo, fructibus et cauli pubescentia densa tectis ; stipulis membranaceis, 1-2-5 c.m. longis caducis, pubescentibus vel 
subglabris. Uueben Point, Polana et in aliis locis per Lourenzo Marques et Maputa. Sunt duas varietates — (A.) normalis, folii pagina superiore primo dense pubescente, postea glabrescenle. (B.) glabra, folii 
junioris pagina superiore glabra, atro-viridi, nitida. Sim 6262. Tab. XCII. A. 
