Forest Flora of Portuguese East Africa. 
axils of the leaves ; petals of the male flower 3-toothed, those of the female acute ; fruits usually solitary, 3-lobed, leathery, indehiscent. Frequent throughout the 
Province, as also in Natal and in forms ranging from glabrous to pubescent elsewhere in Tropical Africa. 
B. stipulates, Bl. Bijdr. Large shrub, with pubescent twigs, elliptic or obovate, entire, petiolate leaves, 5-7 c.m. long, 3-3'5 c.m. wide, obtuse or shortly pointed, rounded 
or cordate at the base, pubescent above, rufescent below. Bracts more or less leafy ; petals alike in the sexes. Calyx accrescent. Zambesia, Transvaal, &c. 
B. cathartica, Bertol. f. (Illustr. Mozamb., 4, 16, n. 13, t. 6.) Glabrous shrub or tree, with elliptical or obovate leaves 3-7 c.m. long, 2-3^ c.m. wide, rounded at both 
ends, pale and reticulated under. Flowers clustered in the axils, petals entire, calyx not accrescent. Zambesia. 
216. ACALYPHA. Monoecious. Flowers in axillary spikes, male above, and with the female flowers in the lower bracts ; or the male in spikes and the female solitary. 
Calyx 3-5 parted ; petals absent. Male flower — stamens 8-16; ovary absent. Female flower— stamens absent; ovary 3-celled ; styles 3, feathery; ovules 1 in 
each cell ; cells dehiscing in valves. Worthless shrubs or shrublets, of which several species are scattered through the Province, 1 of the most common being 
known as 4, Sicarit. 
217. ANTIDESMA. Dioecious. Flowers in terminal or sub-terminal racemes or spikes, or sometimes in much-branched panicles. Male flower — calyx 3-5 lobed ; 
petals absent ; stamens 3-4, opposite the calyx-lobes ; ovary rudimentary. Fertile flower— calyx 3-5 lobed ; petals and stamens absent; ovary i-celled, 2-ovuled ; 
stigmas 2-3, each emarginate ; drupe i-seeded, indehiscent. Leaves simple, alternate, 2-stipuled. 
A. venosum, E. Mey. Vern. names — 4, In-honge, Shonga Chonga or Songue ; 6, Ilenja ; 10, a-ouri-ouri or i-wira-wira; Nyema-nyemba ; 13, Um-tyongi and isi- 
Bamuloti ; 15, Mhlala-ho-pulu. A shrub or small tree, 3-7 metres in height, with variable more or less distichous leaves, usually ovate-elliptical, rounded at the 
base, bluntly pointed, or acute, entire, petiolate, 7-10 c.m. long, 4-5 c.m. wide, of thin but firm texture, at first densely pubescent, ultimately glabrescent above. 
Twigs, stipules, petioles and inflorescence all more or less pubescent. Fruits 5 m.m. long, oblong, red, edible, hanging in spikes or racemes like red currants. 
Common throughout the Province, as also throughout all warmer parts of Africa. For illustration see “ Forest Flora of Cape Colony,” Plate CXIII. fig. 4. The 
inflorescence is normally a spike about 10 c.m. long, in both sexes, but I have specimens of both in which variation occurs from this to a much-branched panicle, 
probably through gall-agency. The much-branched panicles, which are not uncommon are seldom seed-bearers. 
218. CYCLOSTEMON. Dioecious. Flowers axillary ; sepals 4-5, imbricate ; petals absent. Male flower — stamens few or many ; ovary rudimentary. Female flower — 
disc a wide ring, stamens absent ; ovary 3-celled ; stigmas short, wide. Fruit 2-3 celled ; cells 2-ovuled, 1 -seeded, indehiscent tropical or sub-tropical trees. 
C. argutus, Mull. Vern. names— 4, In-toma ; 5, Mtatasuma ; 6, Shishu-waan ; 10, Mkakara ; 13, Umhlagella. An umbrageous evergreen tree, somewhat gregarious, 
15 metres high, 30 c.m. diameter of stem. Leaves alternate, ovate lanceolate, acuminate, sometimes rounded, sometimes tapering at the base, and usually more or 
less oblique, pubescent or glabrescent and shining green on the upper surface, densely pubescent and pale below ; either bluntly and distantly toothed or closely 
serrate, 5-8 c.m. long, 2-4 c.m. wide, with a petiole up to 1 c.m. long. Flowers axillary. Male flowers either in fascicles of 8 or 10 or on short 5-6 flowered spikes, 
pubescent, calyx-segments ciliate; stamens 4-12. Female flowers — 1 or 2 in each axil on pedicels 1 c.m. long; sepals 2 outer and 2 inner ; disc densely setose at 
first, glabrescent after flowering ; ovary globose, 2-celled, densely pubescent, stigmas 2, expanded, flat, glabrous. Fruit 2-celled, densely pubescent, of firm corky 
texture, 12 m.m. long, 10 m.m. wide. The leaf-form and margin are constant on each tree, but the trees vary much in these respects. Twigs slender, leafy, the 
young shoots starting from a scale-enclosed bud. Stipules caducous. Frequent throughout the Province, and in Natal and Pondoland ; in the latter locality the 
natives brew a liquor from the fruits, and also eat them raw, and the timber is there used for disselbooms, &c. For illustration see “ Forest Flora of Cape 
Colony,” 314, Plate CXLIII. fig. 2. 
Another tree, 10, Na-noa, not seen by me but of which native doctors at Arenga, Magenja da Costa, brought me leaves is believed to be either C. natalensis 
(Harv. Thes. Cap., Plate 200), or Rawsonia lucida, Harv. (see “ Forest F'lora of Cape Colony,” Plate CXLIII.). They claimed that string from the bark tied 
round the ankles would keep snakes from biting one. The leaves are up to 15 c.m. long 4 c.m. wide, oblong-lanceolate and closely toothed. Sim 5859. 
219. MALLOTUS. T rees and shrubs, monoecious or dioecious, with alternate, petiolate, stipulate, simple, usually roundish leaves, and terminal, axillary, or leaf-opposed 
inflorescence. Calyx 2-4 fid or parted; corolla usually absent. Male Flower — stamens 10 to many, anthers oblong, 2-celled; ovary absent. Female flower — 
ovary 2-3 celled ; ovules 1 in each cell ; styles 2-3 slightly connate ; undivided. Fruit 2-3 celled or by abortion r-celled, indehiscent. 
