Miscellaneous Economic Products. 
139 
coagulate on exposure and I had no means of taking ,t with me I cannot say if it will be found of value, although I consider it should receive further investigation It has ,-lobed 
JVuUs 2 inches m diameter, and was named by the natives Enchowana. This name, however, is not distinctive, as it is used for several fruits used boys 
The tree appeared to me to be one which, if the latex be found useful, could be more eas.ly handled in cultivation than any other rubber suitable to the climate, hence my regret 
that I only found . once and did not then manage «o take the latex cvith me, as I would have endeavoured ,0 do had I though, I would see no more of it. The place where 
was found was nearly opposite Inhucuia, where there are several pile remains of riviT fnrir^^c in wiiirh H , 
. . f 1 uns 01 nver ‘ortresscs m which the natives lived during Gungunhamas raid, and is perhaps ten miles up 
the river from the Admimstratador s station. Euphorbia grand dens and F Tirnmlli ilw v vr , . , , . , . F . * 1 
, T • , , . . .u . , , , , s uens ana 1,rucalil also > ,dd 'atex which solidifies, but has been used for various purposes giving them a low 
value. I am informed, however, that the rubber of the latter species if partly burned becomes more elastic and of higher value. 
II.— TAN BARKS. 
At present the only trees or plants used in this Province for the production of tannin are the Mangroves, and what is done in that way is all for export trade. Mr. 
Barrett has favoured me with the following figures, showing exports of Mangrove Bark from those parts of the Province of Mozambique administered by Government, viz. 
1904 
- 
- 
- 
Kilos. 
4 . 390,297 
Value in Rris. 
27,878 
1905 
- 
- 
- 
3 , 192,754 
24,992 
1906 
- 
- 
- 
- 
5 , i8 5 ,o °7 
47,116 
1907 
- 
- 
• 
- 
13,260,208 
108,742 
Owing to the rapid exhaustion of the better kinds, Government has now temporarily prohibited the export of Mangrove bark, but encourages the plantation of those 
kinds likely to be of use. T he Mangroves grow on tidal mud, seldom directly facing the sea, but along the rivers and lagoons just inside, and for many miles up. They do not 
occur beyond high-water mark, though often in places which are only occasionally under salt water ; on the other hand they stand being daily submerged under sea water for 
several hours. To hold them firm in such localities most of them send out adventitious roots from up the main stem, which, extending outward, reach the mud and form side 
supports. Several have also curious gnarled or flat plates as roots, and some send up from the mud abundant rush-like special aerial roots for breathing purposes. Most of the 
Mangroves have also special arrangements whereby the seeds germinate while still on the tree, and emit a fruit-like radicle which in some cases grows a foot long before the seed 
drops off the tree, and then acts as an arrow, piercing the soft mud directly below, and thereby planting itself at once. Unfortunately the least useful kinds arc the more 
assertive, and Avicennia takes possession wherever it is allowed to do so. 
It is with a view to prevent this and to extend the area under useful kinds that Government now encourages the collection and removal of Rhizophora seeds wherever 
obtainable, and their being planted in localities where they are scarce or absent. No class of afforestation can be so cheaply performed as this, since the ground requires no 
preparation, and both the collection and planting of the seed can be done from boats when the tide is high. 
Several species under the common name Mangrove (i), Mangal or Mangle (2) occupy such sites in company almost all round the world in tropical mud, but they are 
not all equally valuable for tan purposes and probably the indiscriminate use of these various kinds has led to the conflicting evidence as to the value of Mangrove bark— varying 
from 4 to 50 per cent, tannin. Among the kinds which so occur here are — 
1. Rhizophora mucronata l j , 
2. Bruguiera gymnorhiza j ~ 
3. Ceriops Candolleana= Mucandara. 
4. Carapa moluccensis (Xylocarpus Granatum, Keen.) = Mutanameda. 
5. Lumnitzera racemosa= Mormoni. 
6. Sonneratia acida = Mucatanga. 
7. Heritiera littoralis = Muolobo. 
8. Avicennia officinalis = Mcandella, Tobose, &c. 
besides several others in smaller quantities. 
I went thoroughly into the question of kinds and found that shippers had been in the habit of purchasing Infise, Mucandara and Mutanameda bark indiscriminately, 
and from collectors I learned that Mucatanga bark was also collected by them though possibly shippers did not know this. Rhizophora and Bruguiera are included together as 
