Forest Flora of Portuguese East Africa. 
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cats, xnnkes, bird, etc. Age, of shunting in the pa, have tendered the™ ^.oge^ 
of the slightest. Slave-hunting has thus left them abject beings, wit tou om » * possible, always before she herself is half-grown, 
also had another effect, which, to my mind, is quite as senous-there are no wislation and penal restriction. 
and thus weak mothers and weaker offspring are the result ; the race gcng from bad to w«~ effect is als0 evident ; clearances made have been 
" E ff (Cts °f Arab Occupation. In the forest, which except or ^c *ith regrowth of all ages consequently occur anywhere. In the lower districts 
abandoned as soon as necessity arose, and new clearings ma e c sew , - . , s jn the f orest t i ie cashews often the most abundant over considerable 
: ri - s, — "*■ — *- - • - - - 
Masemba, 1 ^" Moniga) aLaversing i, eastward , the Lecunga draining the western portion ; the portions west of that tang dra.ned by the Macuse R.ver or 
^ “ fflUCn n Of the above the Tjunga and the Macuse are entered by ships up to .,000 or t.aoo tons. The Lecunga, the Mabela, and the Rarraga . are 
no. open .0 the ocean ; J latter would require a canal opened a, the entrance .0 allow shipment of timber, etc., but » nav, gable .ns.de for 14 .0 .6 k.lometres, 
splendid forest. . 
'• Transport Difficult !, -Meantime transport is excessively bad, owing to the swamp district between the Lecunga and Maqueval cominued 
« Toward the . oast there is waterway from the railway terminus at Maqueval via Macuse and Maal. R.vers and a short canal to Maroda,-that canal ,s be.ng com uea 
some seven miles 10 join the Puada River, which flows into Lecunga and that again by a small cross river connects with the Mabela, one of the affluents of wh.ch, E , 
naVi6ab,e * t^ptttontf S, mentioned, barge transport may be carried on by a slow and circuitous route horn ^-entre of the district to 
Maqueval, and thence by the ro miles of railway to Quclimane Hut seems to me that Tjunga is the natural port for the d.str.ct, and that Bqon should be looked upon as 
the future shipping centre of the greater portion if not the whole of the area. 
“ It is central and direct, dispensing with the slow barge work, the repeated handling, and the railway. . , , . fnrAC , wpl . wnrth attention 
"The whole country is one forest, nowhere heavy forest, but in many places, especially along the Rarraga and other nvers, good valuable forest well worth atten 
for its timber exists, while the poorer parts contain innumerable mine props of first-rate quality and all sizes except very large. , , 
"The native population is fairly dense in the better forest parts j in the North-Western portions I saw very few inhabitants ; indeed they seem to have moved out 
when ruad-makmg ^^l^There are no European inhabitants except officials and almost no banyans. Although the occupation is quite recent the district has, however 
had some kind of occupation for a long time, one lionefacio having settled at Arenga about 50 years ago, and bu.lt a good house of local material which >s 1 
Administrator's house and good order ; and he was so far countenanced by Government that he was supplied with two large guns wh.ch now adorn the doorway, po "“"8 ‘ 
lire centre of the earth. The district is well supplied with game, and is not clear of large vermin, especially in the west and north, while the fresh rivers are full of crocod.les 
and hipf ,0 1 1 ’“!“"’ 1 altUude at Arenga is possibly 4 oo feet at about twenty miles from the sea ; the site is good, the water supply is good, and beautiful old trees preserved in former 
days, as well as alien trees then introduced exceed in size any in the forest. . . . , ... . , 
“ But here the cocoa-nut is out of its element, as indeed it also is at Bijon, though not so much so. Cocoa-nut culture must be confined to the suitable localities to a d 
the coast, localities either naturally suitable or made so, as the neighbouring Boror Company is doing on its property meantime by the formation of deep ditches, at the rate o 
about a mile a day. p 
“This is the use sooner or later of the coast portions which are too wet to carry forest, —alluvial flats, requiring only to be cleared of surtace water. 
