Recommendations Concerning Utilization. 15 1 
“ In the forest and along the rivers there are several fine sites for sugar farms ; one is around Lake Rarraga, and there are others. For the rest the soil is a light sandy 
loam or of a gritty nature,— often quartzite, enriched by the forest-humus and carrying good crops, and reverting into forest as soon as it gets an opportunity. The mechanical 
condition is good, and it does not become waterlogged, except perhaps in a few small flats. 
“ The Future. Now about the future of this country. It is not, like the M’Chopes, a district which pan with advantage be maintained as a native reserve. Unlike the 
M’Chopes, these natives are destitute of every good quality, and centuries of protection would not make them into independent, industrious, and thrifty inhabitants. They must 
be utilized in daily labour and given daily food ; they will not employ themselves even in agriculture for themselves and they cannot lay in a store. 
“ Even as a recruiting ground for the Transvaal, while there is no doubt but that employment there is an education to them, and does them immense benefit, still, the 
smallness of the total population, their inherent lack of stamina, and their undue liability to die in the more rigorous climate of the Transvaal, all indicate that local employment 
is to their benefit as well as to that of the Province. To my mind the resources, the means of transport, and the possibilities of the district all indicate that it is only suitable 
for working by one or more large companies ; companies strong enough to handle all transport difficulties, both on land and sea, to utilise the forest without wasting it, to 
cultivate wherever cultivation is practicable, to render practicable for cultivation what is not so now, and prepared to take in hand the various products which the various soils 
and conditions render suitable from time to time, and erect and work the machinery necessary for the fulfilment of this programme, as well as to wait for the results. 
“The valuable development work put in by all the neighbouring companies already in existence leads to the belief that the extension of one of these, or the formation 
of another similar company would do the same here ; the conditions are all suitable, all that is required is money and brains. 
“ Division of the same area into small farms or even into comparatively small companies is to court failure, as no one in that case could or would overcome the initial 
difficulties, although it is quite practicable, once a large company has taken the matter up and settled transport, etc., that smaller holders may then take up say, sugar estates or 
fibre estates, under tenancy to the other, and prove successful. 
“ In regard to the crops for which the district is suitable, it must be taken in portions. 
“The coast and for several miles inland suits cocoanuts, manioc, mealies (sown April), mapira, rice and arrowroot, in accordance with the locality and season ; several 
sites there and further inland are suitable for sugar estates. Citrus trees grow to perfection, and there is no reason why large fruit farms here should not supply the English and 
other European markets a month before the Natal supply begins and while the European markets are still empty, and good prices prevail. Tropical fruits which meantime do 
not go to Europe but which carry fairly well, the pawpaw, avocado pear, mango, litchi, etc., also deserve attention for that purpose, if transport service is good. 
“ Suitable Crops. — Sisal is suitable almost everywhere, so also kapok, which can be planted between the sisal to come into bearing as the first rotation of the other 
goes off. 
“ Earthnuts and sesame as annual crops suit almost all localities there, while with mapira, manioc and mealies, together with sweet potatoes and yams for local use, there 
is no reason why there should be empty ground or small profits. 
“ Meantime earthnuts find their way from the most remote parts of the district to Marseilles, and the available area for their cultivation is the whole district, while in 
regard to sesame an experimental culture of this has resulted in about a thousand muids now lying in Quelimane. 
“ Beans can also be grown for shipment and for use throughout South Africa, wherever transport is available, enriching the soil at the same time. Under some 
conditions of labour the culture of castor-oil beans (Ricinus) may also be practicable, though I think the culture of the previously mentioned products should be considered 
first. 
“Whether rubber and cocoa can be cultivated with advantage remains to be proved ; both are being experimented with meantime. Probably castillon rubber may be 
found suitable although so far the oldest plantation of several thousands is only two years old and three feet high,— quite a satisfactory growth; ceara rubber will grow to 
perfection in many localities, but its profitable culture even there has still to be shown. Indigenous l.andolphia rubber exists throughout the district, though not in great 
abundance and the rubber from a small tree growing along the rivers is purchased by the Banyans at an equal value. 
“ Cotton and Fibre.— Cotton will grow throughout the district, in the upper as well as in the lower portions ; its profitable culture depends on the kind used, the season, 
the labour supply, the cultivation, freedom from insects, and transport ; and its culture should not be abandoned if the first or even several experiments are not quite successful. 
I think it is quite’ practicable to grow cotton in the lower districts to advantage ; the upper districts did not appear to me to have the population to handle it meantime. 
“ Another fibre in addition to sisal (and Furcraea) deserves serious consideration, viz., New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax). The moist places which are hardly swamp 
suit it to perfection ; it grows luxuriantly with leaves 8 to 10 feet in height, produces a large leaf supply, of high fibre value ; it is easily handled, and has now secured a good 
place in the world’s markets. I recommend this for extensive use in moist but not submerged land. 
“On the saline banks of the tidal rivers and lagoons the various mangroves have been cut more or less for their bark during past years, but the export is now prohibited 
