39 
local differences of these zones are shown in the map annexed. 
In this chapter we shall try to examine these regions one by one. 
a ) Prairie-Region ( Basal region.) 
This region mostly covers the gentle slope of the basal 
portion of the mountain. It is found on almost all sides, except 
the north-west, where the immense broad Conifer-forest stretches 
down almost to the base of the mountain. 
The upper limitation of this low region is made very irregular 
by the intrusion of the forest-formation downwards. On the north- 
west side this boundary comes down as low as to about the 1000 m. 
altitude but on the south-east side, it goes up as high as to 1500 m. 
On the due south, it comes down to the 1000 m. line. On the 
north-east side, i.e. in Part III, there is seen the greatest extent of 
the prairie-formation. The upper limitation of this region on 
this flank lies at 1500 m. Two streams of lava crowned by the 
forest come down to the altitude of 1000 m. This undulating 
prairie is altogether monotonous broken only by the valleys 
which run into one another in their zmzaa; courses. Here and 
there tree-patches are seen along the streams. This side is especial- 
ly suitable for the red pines, and they form thin forests which 
are in one part naturally made, but in another, formed by affore- 
station. Here on this side, I must not forget to mention, is 
the Ptcea-formation which is found quite isolated near lake 
Yamanaka. (cf. PI. V.). 
As we have already stated, the forest-formation regularly 
coincides with the lava-stream, that is clearly seen in the case 
of this Pi’cea-formation. 
Glancing at the geological map of the mountain, we see 
that on the north-east flank, a lava stream has flowed from the 
top down through the basal slope and has extended to the 
western extremity of lake Yamanaka. This stream is clearly 
traced by the forest -patches here and there upon it ; for this 
