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APPENDIX. 
assumed, as indeed, curiously enough, seems to be the case with 
the species throughout the western half of the continent, even 
where (as in California) the gray birds cannot be distinguished 
from individuals in corresponding plumage from the Atlantic 
States. 
From its allies, Scops maxwellice , may be distinguished as 
follows : — Ch. — Ground-color above pale gray or grayish brown, 
relieved by the usual ragged mesial streaks of black, and irregular 
mottlings or vermiculations of lighter and darker shades; the 
ground-color, however, never inclining strongly to reddish, and 
no darker in shade than a very light ash-gray or brown. The 
white spots on the outer webs of the primaries frequently con- 
fluent along the edge of the feathers, the darker spots being in 
extreme cases hardly visible on the basal portion of the quills 
when the wing is closed. Face grayish white, with faint vermicu- 
lations of darker grayish. No rusty gular collar, but in its 
stead, sparse, narrow bars of brown or rusty, on a white ground. 
Lower parts with white very largely predominating. Wing, 
6.80-6 90; tail, 3.90-4.10; culmen, .60; tarsus, 1. 45-1. 50; 
middle toe, .80-.85.* Hab.-Mountains of Colorado (Mus. Mrs. 
Maxwell ; also collection of R. Ridgway.) I name this new 
form in honor of Mrs. M. A. Maxwell, not only as a compliment 
to an accomplished and amiable lady, but also as a deserved 
tribute to her high attainments in the study of natural history. 
Junco Caniceps, (Woodh.) — A very remarkable specimen 
of this bird is in the collection. It differs from the usual, and 
we may say almost constant, plumage of the species, in having 
two well-defined bars of white on the wings, and in having a 
conspicuous tinge of bright rufous on the pileum, the plumage 
being otherwise normal. None of the species of Junco now 
known are characterized, even in part, by having rufous on the 
crown ; but several tend in their variations to the other character, 
i. e. the white wing-bars ; this feature being almost constant in J. 
aikeni. We have frequently seen this variation in J. annectens , 
and an adult male of J. oregonus in our own collection exhibits 
the same remarkable feature. The fact that this barring of the 
wings has become a permanent feature of one species, while it 
occasionally, but very rarely, occurs in three or more others, sug- 
* Before me are three specimens of the typical form {a. asio ) in gray 
plumage which are so much alike that if the labels were removed they could 
scarely be distinguished. Two of these, a pair, are from the edast of Cali- 
fornia ; the other, an adult is from Virginia. Their measurements com- 
pare as follows : 
9 | Fairfax Co., Va. I 6.50. 3.70. 
c? Nicasio, Cal. 6.30. 3.50, 
9 1 “ “ I 6.60. 365. 
