6 
0. S. U. Naturalist. 
[Nov. 
Smithsonian Institution. So far, all of the pottery and implements 
of bone, stone, and shell that were buried in this mound, have been 
duplicated in great numbers from the refuse heaps, burials, and ash 
pits found in the village. The village entirely surrounds the mound, 
but on the east it is more extensive and occupies upward of five 
acres of ground. 
The work of examining the village site is very laborious. 
Every portion or particle of the earth to a depth, on the average, of 
two and one-half feet is carefully dug over with small hand trowels, 
and every particle of bone, shell or stone is carefully removed and 
examined. The contents of the ash pits are screened so that no 
implements or ornaments may be lost. The whole village site is 
platted, laid off in sections thirty-six feet square, which square is 
again laid off into sections four feet square. In this way every 
find is carefully located upon the map. This year the work was con- 
ducted east and north-east of the mound. Here the post-molds of 
their little tepees were found in abundance. Their fire-places usually 
were placed just outside of the tepees, and their refuse pits near at 
hand, and near by we found the burials. A series of photographs, 
showing the manner of burial and the close proximity of the burials 
to the ash pits and tepees, were carefully made. At one time seven 
skeletons were exposed within an area of fifteen feet square. Within 
tb is space two ash pits were found and one row of the post-molds, 
showing the relation of the little home to the burial ground. The 
manner of burial is shown by the photographs taken of the seven 
skeletons exposed at one time, showing that they had no definite 
manner of placing the bodies, as some were buried at right angles 
to each other, some were placed at full length, and lying upon the 
back, while others were placed upon the side; in still other cases the 
body was evidently doubled up and then buried. A great number 
of skeletons of babies were found in the ash pits, showing that the 
already dug ashpit was the most convenient grave for the little one, 
who was then covered with ashes, consequently the skeletons were 
perfectly preserved. With a great number of the adult skeletons 
were found implements of bone, such as awls, hoes, celts, arrow and 
spear points of stone, beads and ornaments of shell and bone; but 
with the skeletons of children varying in age from four to twelve 
years were found the greatest number of ornaments made of shell 
and hone. In one instance a large gorget made from the marine 
univalve Strombus gigas about two and one-half inches in diameter, 
was found upon the skeleton of a child six years of age. In another 
more than two hundred beads and ornaments of shell and bone were 
found upon the skeleton of a child not over seven years of age. In 
another grave a child not over four years of age had buried with it, 
what at one time was no doubt, a necklace made of elk teeth, per- 
forated for attachment. In two instances the graves of children 
