Mar., 1901] Kellerman — Competition in Botany. 
75 
Do not save specimens that have no fruit, except in case of rare 
species. Only enough pressure on the specimens (placed between 
blotters or soft papers) should be brought into requisition as is neces- 
sary to keep them from curving or crumpling while drying. Then 
glue a specimen to a card-board, 8j x 111 inches, and also attach a 
paper pocket containing ample material, and the drawings (if any are 
attempted), also the notes, to the same piece of card-board. Use a 
separate card-board for each kind (species). 
Tell the substratum on which the specimen was found — as bould- 
ers, limestone, sandstone, log or stump, fence-rail, tree or plant, 
soil, etc. Give additional notes as to appearance, size, abundance, 
habitat, habit, etc. Those growing on rocks can not generally be 
removed -a thin piece of rock must be chipped off to secure them. 
A detailed description should be written of each kind (species); 
■drawings perhaps might be undertaken; the different species should 
be compared and contrasted. Use a good pocket-lens. There is no 
text-books on Lichens that is usable by beginners. 
Dendroiakhcar. — The Trees may be studied from one of several 
points of view. If a camera be used, selected trees should be studied 
and illustrated; the bark compared in case of different species, like- 
wise in case of one and the same species when the individuals are of 
different ages and sizes or grow in different situations or exposures; 
also modes of branching compared and shapes contrasted. Very full 
notes should be taken, and when written up in the report reference 
should be made constantly to the numbered illustrations. Few or 
many kinds of trees, as preferred, may be taken if this phase of the 
subject is selected. 
Instead of the above one may study and identify all the kinds 
(species) of trees in the region. Full descriptions should be written 
out, and similarities and contrasts of different species noted. Give 
uses of the kinds of woods only when such use is made in the region 
nr the near town or city. Collect twigs and fasten them to card- 
boards (8 1 x 111 inches). Attach a specimen of the fruit also when 
it can be found under the tree. A pamphlet (price 10 cents) with a 
Key to the Ohio Forest Trees by means of which the names can be de- 
termined, may be obtained from the writer. 
A third method of carrying out the work on trees would be to 
give an account of the forest area in the region — either taking a 
square or rectangular tract of a mile or more in extent; or selecting 
if possible a natural area, as a river or creek valley, or other ob- 
viously bounded tract of ample dimensions. Draw a map of the 
selected region and locate thereon the forests and groups of trees. 
Describe them, indicating the prominent kinds of trees, the less 
abundant species, and the very rare ones. Tell approximately the 
size of the largest, the commonest size, etc. Note uses made of some 
of the kinds in the region or at a near manufactory. Record other 
observations. 
