124 
Ohio Naturalist. 
[ Vol. 1, No. 8 
even on plants growing in the crevices of bare rocks at a considerable 
distance above any pines — it seemed nearly certain that the adults 
must fly back to the plants to deposit their eggs. 
It will be interesting to discover whether a similar food habit 
occurs in any of the Eastern members of the genus or whether this 
is peculiar to the western species. It seems possible that original 
pine-inhabiting species finding themselves unable to maintain their 
froth masses in their exposed positions on pine branches in such a 
dry atmosphere were compelled to seek moister conditions such as 
are afforded by the shade and contact with the earth under these 
bushy plants. 
Explanation of Plate. — Fig. 1. Aphrophora perimttata Uhl. Adult. X About 7. Com- 
mon from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, la — Side view of head, showing profile of face. 
Fig. 2. Pupa of above. 2a — Side view of head of pupa. 
Fig. 3. Semi-diagramatic cross-section of a clump of Chrysopsis villosa to show relative 
location of larvae with relation to the froth mass and the surface of the earth. 
Fig. 4. Aphrophora parallela Say Adult. X About 7. Eastern U. S. to Ohio and Mich. 
4a — profile of head of same. 
THE VERNATION OF SALIX. 
Robert F. Griggs. 
Most of the manuals are entirely silent regarding the vernation 
of the Willows. Sargent* describes their leaves as “variously 
folded in the bud ” and under different species gives them as : in- 
volute, revolute, convolute, and even conduplicate in the bud. The 
fact that he gives two species, closely related and difficult to dis- 
tinguish, at the time the buds open (Salix nigra and S. amygda- 
loides), as having involute and revolute vernations, led me to take 
up the matter to see if a key for their identification from bud char- 
acters, could be constructed. 
Not only did I find that they were not involute and revolute 
respectively; but that they were neither involute nor revolute, but 
both imbricate. On examining other species the same thing was 
found. The only exceptions to the true imbricate vernation found 
are represented in figures 3 and 4. The section Purpureae, on account 
of its tendency to have opposite rather than alternate leaves, often 
forms such decussate buds as are shown in figure 3. In Salix incana 
Schrenk, a species whose leaves at maturity have revolute margins, 
the leaves have a greater or less tendency to roll backwards in the 
bud. The most extreme case found is shown in figure 4. Others 
from the same twig could be . shown where the leaves show 
only the slightest tendency to be revolute. If we may consider that 
Sargent : Silva of North America 9 : 95. 
