The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. II, No. 5 , 
216 
proper terms are hermaphrodite or bisexual, and unisexual when 
the sexes are separated. Monoecious and dioecious should not be 
used for sexual individuals ; these terms are properl)' applied only 
to the sporophyte. 
Reproduction may come under three general heads : 1. Veg- 
etative propagation. 2. Reproduction by nou-sexual spores. 
3. Sexual reproduction in which spores are formed by the conju- 
gation of two gametes or two coenocytes. Any specialized part 
or branch of the gametophyte which bears the sexual organs 
should be called a gametophore. The gametophores may be 
antheridiophores, archegouiophores, oogoniophores, etc. The 
organs which bear the male and female cells are the spermary and 
ovary, but these may have various special names, as oogonium, 
archegonium, antheridium, depending upon their structure. The 
sexual cells are gametes, and should be called spermatozoid and 
oospliere, or simply sperm and egg. Normally these two cells 
must unite to give rise to a spore. The union of the male and 
female gametes is known as fertilization. This term must never 
be used for pollination. Pollination is the transfer of a small 
male plant to an ovule or a stigma. Sexually formed spores are 
either zygospores or oospores — zygospores when the uniting cells 
are not at all or very little differentiated from each other, oospores 
when they are spermatozoid and oospliere. The product of 
coenocytic conjugations may be called coenocytic zygospores, etc. 
The term sporophore may be used for any organ which bears 
sporangia, whether on the gametophyte or sporophyte. Then 
the sporophore may be a sporophyll, or otherwise. Sporophore 
is a general term for a spore-bearing organ or branch. The 
sporophore may be a couidiophore, a zoosporangiophore, etc., 
according to the nature of the spores produced. 
A flower is a modified spore-bearing branch without sexual 
organs. In some cases complete sterilization may have resulted 
so that no spores are produced. Such a flower is one, neverthe- 
less, which was a spore-bearing organ in the earlier stages of its 
phylogeny. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between 
spores and brood-buds, but all specialized reproductive cells should 
be called spores. The term spike should not be used for a prima- 
tive flower or shortened branch of sporopliylls. Such flowers 
may be called cones— as cone of Equisetum, Eycopod, Pine, etc. 
The spike is an inflorescence. The flower may be either 1110110- 
sporangiate or bisporangiate. If it is monosporangiate it may be 
monoecious or dioecious. These terms should be applied only to 
heterosporous sporophvtes. Monosporangiate flowers are either 
microsporangiate or megasporangiate. I11 the case of Spermato- 
pliytes they may be called staminate and carpellate. Such 
expressions as hermaphrodite flowers, aud polygamous flowers 
