Dec., 1902.] 
Prehistoric Anthropology. 
337 
described by Professor F. A. Lucas as a species much the size and 
proportion of the bull terrier, and resembling very much the dogs 
found in the old village sites in Texas and the old Pueblos. 
Mr. Mills also stated that at the present time in all Europe 
every dolman and village site is known to the scientist ; the 
borders of all the inland lakes have been studied with care, for it 
was thought that many of them were sites of sunken forests, and 
many of these sunken trees could easily be detected in time of low 
water. But as investigations went forward it was soon shown, 
after lifting one of those trees from its bed, that it was a sharp- 
ened pile, bearing evidence of human workmanship ; that these 
had been driven into the ground and the tops of these piles in the 
remote past served as the sites of the homes of these early poople. 
At the same time a study of the various implements found in the 
shell heaps of Denmark and in the inland lakes of Switzerland 
and dolmans of various parts of Europe, brought out the fact of 
the similarity of the implements of these different countries. 
Therefore, by reason of this similarity, the scientists of that time 
were able to determine the prehistoric ages by comparing the dif- 
ferent implements of these various countries and the recognition 
of the resemblance between them, and by so doing they were able 
to correlate and identify the culture of early man. It was also 
found in later years, as the knowledge of prehistoric world 
increased, that this great similarity of European implements was 
found to extend to the Western Hemisphere ; that practically all 
of the implements and ornaments made of stone, bone and shell 
found in Europe could be readily duplicated in the United States. 
Ever since the establishment of the science of Anthropology the 
question that has been uppermost in the mind of the anthropolo- 
gist is to find out the orgin of the people that inhabited this 
country. In relation to their unity or diversity the scientists of 
this country have been accepting the evidence furnished by erane- 
ology, by language and by social institutions of the American 
tsibes and their predecessors. 
Dr. Morton, in 1839, brought out the idea of the homogeneous 
physical characteristics of the aboriginees of America, extending 
from Terra del Fuego to the Arctic circle, and it has been accepted 
without question, and has more recently been made the basis of a 
widely comprehensive deduction. Other scientists believe that 
the American Indian is essentially separate and peculiar, a race 
distinct from all others. 
A review of all the theories advanced on both sides was extens- 
ively discussed, but the speaker could not bring out all the points 
that may be produced to show the unity or the diversity of the 
human race, but was sure that the student of anthropology, with 
the wealth of material and opportunities now afforded, will be 
able in time to solve the problem which for the last three-fourths 
