338 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. Ill, No. 2, 
of a century lias been troubling us, namely, the problem of the 
unity or the diversity oi prehistoric man in America. 
Mr. Mills also reviewed the work of the Ohio State Archaeo- 
logical and Historical Society at the Baum village site along Paint 
creek and at the Gartner Mound along the Scioto. At the Baum 
village the work this year fully demonstrated that the people 
lived in small clans or family groups ; that these clans had their 
own burial grounds, refuse pits, etc. Explorations carried on in 
previous years developed no burials having earthen jars placed 
with them. However, during the past year’s work burials were 
found with earthen jars placed at the head. These jars invaria- 
bly contained a spoon made of ocean shell or the back of the 
common land turtle, cut in form to be used for the same purpose. 
In other jars large awls were found, which were no doubt used 
for conveying food to the mouth. 
The light that is thrown upon one brief period of the past by 
the study of these village sites, surrounded as they are by the 
mounds and earthworks of that by-gone people, testifies that they 
were agriculturists as well as hunters ; that they lived in the 
family group or clan ; that each clan was versed in the manufac- 
ture of pottery, ornaments and implements ; that they had the 
domesticated dog, and that this dog resembles very much the 
dogs found in the Southwest and even in Mexico. Moreover, 
these people had communication with the world other than their 
own habitation, as is evidenced by the intercourse with which 
they obtained mica, copper, obsidion and ocean shell. 
The latter part of the summer was devoted to mound work, 
and the Gartner mound, situated about six miles north of Chilli - 
cotlie, was thoroughly examined. Here very many new and 
interesting things were discovered. Large pieces of perfect 
pottery were found with burials, and in some cases the material 
ready to be made into pottery was placed with the burial. A 
large platform was uncovered, extending thirty-four feet east and 
west and twenty-three feet north and south. The platform was 
made of tamped clay and covered over the top with ashes ranging 
in thickness from six inches to two and one-half feet ; these 
ashes were filled with animal bones, implements and ornaments 
of these people. In all forty-four skeletons were removed from 
this mound. Seventy-five per cent, of these skeletons had imple- 
ments and ornaments placed with them. Great quantities of the 
canine teeth of the mountain lion and wolf were found, also large 
shell gorgets set with pearls. Taking it all in all this is one of 
the most interesting mounds examined in this section. 
