■Jan., 1903 .] Life History Notes on Tiro Fulgoridae. 
355 
part is a rounded elevation covered with black-centered pustules, a similar 
elevation on the outer posterior part of the metanotum ; metanotum slightly 
shorter than niesonotum ; wing pads greenish, with some traces of veining 
and some brownish markings, projecting slightly beyond the metanotum ; 
abdomen short and thick, seven segments, whitish, with light brown mark- 
ings, the brown areas dotted with white, a dark-centered pustule on each 
side and somewhat removed from median line in segments 3, 4 and 5, 
similar pustules on the odes of segments 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, four on the end, 
four on the 3rd, three on the 4th, two on the 5th. and one on the 6th, a 
brownish area in the region of these lateral pustules ; segments 3, 4, 5 and 6 
have a yellow spot on the tergum on each side, about midway between 
median line and margin, somewhat nearer to the margin; ventral side of 
abdomen white ; first anil second femora and tibiae banded, brown and white ; 
posterior femora brown, white at knee ; posterior tibiae brown, with lighter 
stripes, three spines on outer edge 1 wanting in the adult), one large and six 
smaller spines at apex, some green in tibite and tarsi; hind tarsus three- 
jointed, first joint wide, with four spines at apex, third joint with two hooks. 
The coloration varies, some specimens with more brown than others, and 
in some the wing pads are greener. 
Abdomen covered with a white, thread-like, cottony secretion, which at 
the tip of abdomen is formed into a tuft ; a pair of similar tufts on meta- 
thorax, and another pair on mesothorax. This material is very easily rubbed 
off in the insect’s movements, or in being handled. It gives to the insect a 
protective resemblance to tufts of hairs on leaves or in the axils of petioles. 
II. Ormenis septentrional is Spin. 
Four larvae of this species were collected, August 4. 1902, 
from a hedge fence composed of various kinds of shrubs, and 
bordering one side of a clover field, in the vicinity of Sandusky, 
Ohio They were 011 the underside of crumpled leaves of the 
dogwood ( Cornus asperifolia). Each one was on a separate leaf, 
situated in a depression between crumpled folds, and was cov- 
ered over so as to be almost hidden by the white cottony secretion 
of wax from its abdomen (Fig. 10a). Some of this substance 
was also spread around on the leaf, upon an area having' a radius 
of one-half inch to one inch from the insect. It is probable that 
the crumpled nature of the leaf was the result of its being punc- 
tured by the insect in feeding. It seems evident that, unless dis- 
turbed, they remain upon the same leaf throughout the larval 
period, for leaves were found which had two and sometimes three 
exuviae situated on the places where the insects had been feeding, 
as shown by the presence of the cottony substance. 
A dozen or more adults were taken from the bushes in this 
same locality. One specimen, still soft and fresh, was found on 
a leaf near the exuviae of a larva amidst its cottony surroundings. 
About two dozen leaves were found having the cottony substance 
and the exuviae of larvae. These were mostly dogwood leaves, 
only one being red oak, one hawthorne, and two were prickly ash 
leaves. 
On the following day, however, examining a different part of 
the same hedge, exuviae were found more abundantly on leaves of 
