420 
The Ohio Naturalist. 
[Vol. Ill, No. 7 , 
globular gall. At this late stage the only evidence that we have 
of its bud origin is its location at the node of the main stem. 
The transition from bud to gall occurs very early, before there is 
any differentiation of the parenchyma tissue ; examination of the 
structure of the gall fails to show any stem characters but does 
show the Cynipidous gall character described in Part I of this 
series. 
(3) The third type of the bud gall is illustrated in Andricus 
seminator Harris (Figs. 35, a, b, and 36, a, b.) Ashmead* refers 
to this as a flower gall. It is not difficult to demonstate that this 
gall is a true, compound bud gall, but whether it is a flower or 
leaf gall is not so easily determined. The strongest evidence of 
its bud character is its location at the node of the stem and the 
presence of the leaf scales at its base. The writer gathered and 
dissected a large number of galls of various ages and is confident 
that this is a true confound bud gall. In Figure 35 a, we have 
a short twig with three buds, one of which was attacked by the 
insect ; the other two buds remained unaffected Around the 
base of the gall are four well-defined bud scales. In Figure 35 
b, two buds were affected ; one of these has been removed show- 
ing the scar where it was attached and also exposing the back 
side of the compound gall formed from the other bud. A great 
many galls of various ages were dissected ; the younger ones 
showing the bud scales and the older ones showing the well- 
defined scars by which it was easy to trace the number of buds 
affected. Careful observations were made in hopes of finding a 
gall which would show whether this was a leaf or flower bud, but 
without success. However, from a careful microscropic examin- 
ation of a number of galls I am inclined to consider it a leaf bud, 
in which each leaf becomes a single gall of the large cluster and 
in which the incipient stem remains short. The microscopic 
examination of the single galls ( Fig. 36, a, b) shows that each 
gall contains at least one (and usually only one) fibro-vascular 
bundle which in most cases is very much atrophied and in some 
cases so much reduced as to be very indistinct. The writer 
considers the fibro-vascular bundle as the mid-rib of the modified 
leaf and the cottony part of the gall as the mesophyll part of the 
leaf. This gall does not show the four zones which are charac- 
teristic of the cynipodous galls as pronounced as other galls 
which we have examined, but this point will be discussed in a 
later paper. 
(4) The fourth type of gall is illustrated by a cecidomyid gall 
(Fig 37) found upon Acer negundo in which the bases of the 
petioles of a number of leaves from the same bud are enlarged, 
*Ashmead, Wm H : "On the Cynipidous Galls of Florida, with descriptions of new 
species and synopses of the described species of North America.” Trans. Amer. Hot. Sec. 
Vol. XIV, pp' 125-128. 
