Annals of the Transvaal Museum 255 
rest, pale yellow. Since describing it on a single specimen I have collected 
series of both sexes and different ages and, find the colour characters quite 
constant in both species. 
Motacillidae 
The genus in its broadest sense contains a number of groups of species 
which should long ago have been recognised. These groups can be separated 
on both structural and colour characters, and I propose to arrange them 
as follows: Budytes Cuvier, type Motacilla flava L., characterised by having 
the tail always decidedly shorter than the wing, the hind claw long, slender 
and slightly curved; the outermost primary equal to or longer than the 
penultimate, the fourth much shorter; colour in adults yellow below for 
the greater part. Motacilla L., type M. alba L., has the tail of about the 
same length as the wing, or only very slightly shorter; the hind claw and 
the toes short ; primaries about as in Budytes ; colour in adults white below. 
The typical Motacilla does not occur within our limits, but it is represented 
by the resident species, which differ in the wing formula, the penultimate 
and anti-penultimate primaries being about equal, the outermost and the 
fourth slightly shorter. Of these M. vidua Sundevall is most closely related 
to M. alba in colour characters, but has the base of the primaries white 
and is considerably larger, so that it may be separated in a subgenus, for 
which I propose the name of Aguimpia subg. nov., type M. aguimp 
Dumont (cf. Mathews, Austral. Av. Rec. iii. 14, 1915), also known by the 
names of M. vaillanti Cabanis and M. nigricotis Shelley. The Cape Wag- 
tail is of about the same size as the typical Motacilla, but has a very plain 
coloration and the wing formula of Aguimpia, and I therefore propose to 
place it in another subgenus under the name of Psomophilus, subg. nov., 
type M. capensis L. M. clara Sharpe (also known as M. longicauda Riippell, 
cf. Sharpe, Hand-list of Genn. and Spp. Birds, v. 140, 1910) belongs to 
another genus, possibly allied to Padlenura Bonaparte, type M. cinerea 
Tunst., differing in having the tail always much longer than the wing; but 
it differs from the typical Pallenura in being smaller, the wing shorter 
and more rounded and colour plain grey above and white below, and it 
may therefore be placed in a subgenus bearing the name of Atolmodytes, j 
type M. clara Sharpe. 
In the large genus Anthus of authors, some attention was given by 
Sharpe to the emargination of the primaries (cf. Cat. B. Brit. Mus. x.), 
but few authors have made use of this character, more attention having 
been bestowed upon the colour characters. If we trace the groups on the 
emargination of the primaries, it becomes clear that there is one group 
confined to Australia and the adjacent parts of Asia, which has only two 
primaries emarginate on the outer web; to this Mathews has given the 
name of Austranthus (cf. Austral. Av. Rec. ii. 123, 1915), curiously enough 
the same name which I had intended to apply to it when working on the 
group the previous year! In the Palaearctic region and apparently also 
in South America and Africa is another major group in which three pri- 
maries are emarginate, while in Africa and the southern part of Asia occurs 
another major group in which four primaries are emarginate. The only 
palaearctic migrant found within our limits is Spipola trivialis (Linne), 
which is characterised by having the underparts of the body heavily 
