EXTERMINATED AND EXTINCT UNGULATES. 
47 
I do not regard the above account of Messrs. Beach and Vaughan 
as trustworthy, for the reason that I have never been able to find a 
hunter in this wilderness, however aged, who had ever heard ol a 
living' Elk in the Adirondacks. 
Note 3. — It is also worthy of remark that wild horses, larger than 
our domesticated stock, once roamed the borders of this region. Dr. 
C. C. Benton, of Ogdensburg, has shown me several fossil molar teeth 
of Equus major that were exhumed at Iveenes Station near the 
Oswegatchie Ox Bow in Jefferson County. I have compared them 
with the corresponding teeth in an immense dray-horse, and find 
them much larger. 
Note 4. — It is hard for us to realize that huge Elephants, in the 
wild state, ever moved their ponderous bodies over this northern 
Wilderness ; but the fact is incontestibly proved by the discovery of 
their remains 011 both sides of the Adirondacks. Dr. Zadock Thomp- 
son tells us that a fossil Elephant was found in a muck bed in the 
township of Mt. Holly, Vermont, (in the Green Mountains,) at an ele- 
vation of 1415 feet, in the year 1848.* 
A tusk measuring five feet nine inches in length, over the curve, 
was found, September 20, 1877, in a marl bed about a mile west of 
the village of Copenhagen in Lewis County. It was purchased for 
the State Cabinet by Dr. Franklin B Hough, who described it in the 
Lowville Times. Whether this tusk belonged to an Elephant or a 
Mastodon has not been determined. 
* Appendix to Thompson’s Vermont, 1853, pp. 14-15. Dr. Leidy refers this specimen to 
Elephas Americanus (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., VII, 392). 
