ARCTOMYS MONAX. 
149 
distance (commonly from 10 to 25 feet, or 3.048 to 7.620 metres). 
Two or more short lateral branches are generally given off from the 
main gallery, and lead, sloping upward and then downward, to the 
more or less circular chambers that contain the animal’s nests. It 
has been my invariable experience to find these chambers above 
the level of the bottom of the entrance incline, and I have seen one 
that was within a foot and a half (.457 metres) of the surface. 
The nest itself is usually composed of dry grasses and leaves, 
and rarely exceeds a foot in diameter.* 
It not infrequently happens, where there are two surface open- 
ings, that the main gallery takes the form of a more or less irregu- 
lar semicircle, with one or more lateral branches of considerable 
length, both ends of the main gallery coming to the surface. 
During the last week of April or first of May, the Woodchuck 
commonly gives birth to from four to six young. A nest which was 
dug out May 1 ith, 1884, contained two young, whose eyes and ears 
were not yet open, though the animals were well haired. Each 
measured two hundred and five millimetres in length, and weighed 
one hundred and sixty-seven grammes. The nest was one metre 
below the surface, and was connected with the main burrow by a 
steeply sloping branch. 
When unexpectedly surprised at close quarters the Woodchuck 
utters a loud, shrill, and tremulous whistle that pierces the ear and 
evokes from the intruder an involuntary movement or exclamation, 
even though he may have been similarly startled many times before, f 
The Woodchuck is pre-eminently a terrestrial animal, usually 
spending the whole of his life in or upon the ground, yet some 
ambitious individuals, prompted either by choice or necessity, 
* The main gallery or one of its branches commonly terminates in a slight excavation which is 
found to contain the animal’s excrement. No other of the lower animals with which I am acquaint- 
ed constructs a special receptacle for the deposit and accumulation of its dejections. 
f Dr. Coues speaks of this note as “The merry whistle of the woodchuck at the mouth of its 
burrow” (Familiar Science, Vol. V, No. 12, Dec., 1878, p. 230.), but I am unable to conceive how 
a sudden cry of alarm can be construed into a “ merry whistle.” 
