OF FRUIT ; ORNAMENTAL TREES, ETC. 
71 
SPRAYING. 
Experience has demonstrated the fact, that Spraying at the proper time and properly done 
for the protection against destructive insects, rot, I ungus and blight is the best if not the only 
sure remedy against these enemies of the horticulturalist, and that it has succeeded and will suc- 
ceed i9 evidenced by the rapidly increasing interest manifested in the manufacture, sale and use 
of spraying machines, and the good results obtained by those who have practiced this mode 
of protection. 
WHEN TO SPRAY. 
Apple Trees. For prevention of leaf blight spray as soon as the leaves are full grown with 
Bordeaux mixture or ammoniacal carbonate of copper. To destroy the aphis or plant lice, spray 
with kerosene emulsion as soon as the pests appear. To destroy the codling moth, canker worm 
and curculio, spray with Paris green or London purple, % pound in 40 or 50 gallons of water, soon 
after the blossoms fall, and again in two weeks later. To destroy the web worm, ^pray with 
London purple or kerosene emulsion about August 1st to 10th, or as soon as they appear. This 
application should be made during the middle of the day, when the worms are out of their webs 
and feeding on the leaves. 
Cherries. Treatment same as recommended for the apple. 
Pcttrs. The pear slug can easily be destroyed by spraying with Paris green four ounces to 
50 gallons of water, or kerosene emulsion as soon as it begins operations. Pear and quince blight 
can be destroyed by spraying with Bordeaux mixture. The codling moth and curculio should be 
treated same as recommended for apple trees. 
Plums. Destroy the aphis with kerosene emulsion and a fine spray nozzle. The curculio 
can be destroyed by spraying with 3 oz. Paris green to 40 gallons of water. First application 
should be made as soon as blossoms have fallen, and repeated at intervales of a week or ten days. 
Four applications should be sufficient. Other enemies of the plum will be destroyed by this 
method, but in all cases be particular to keep the poison and water constantly stirred. 
Peaches. If attacked by the black peach aphis, spray with kerosene emulsion. The plum 
curculio frequently attack the peach, in which case spray with Paris green, two ounces to 50 gal- 
lons of water; be sure to keep it well stirred, and use with caution. Never use London purple on 
peach trees. 
Grape Rot and Mildew use the Bordeaux Mixture. 
Currants and Gooseberries. To destroy the worms, spray with powdered white hellebore, 
one ounce in three gallons of water, as soon as the worms appear. To destroy the yellow aphis, 
spray with kerosene emulsion early in the season. To prevent mildew, use one-half ounce potas- 
sium sulphide to one gallon of water. 
FORMULAS. 
Kerosene Emulsion. In making the kerosene emulsion for spraying trees for lice, be sure 
and follow the correct method: Dissolve in two quarts of water one quart of soft soap or % pound 
of hard soap by heating to the boiling point. Then add one pint of kerosene oil and stir violently 
for from three to five minutes. This maybe done by using a common force pump and putting the 
end of the hose back into the mixture again. This mixes the oil permanently, so that it will never 
separate, and it may be diluted easily at pleasure. This mixture should be diluted to twice it* 
bulk with water or about 14 times as much water as kerosene. The kerosene emulsion is success- 
ful in destroying cattle lice and sheep ticks, as well as all varieties of plant lice. 
Bordeaux Mixture. Six pounds of sulphate of copper are dissolved in six gallons of water; in 
another vessel four pounds of fresh lime are slacked in six gallons of water. After the latter solu- 
tion has cooled, slowly turn it into the other solution and add ten gallons of water. This, when all 
is thoroughly mixed and strained, is ready for use. In straining this mixture reject all of the lime 
sediment, using only the clear liquid; strain the whitewash through a coarse gunny sack 
stretched over the head of a barrel. 
treatment of beack rot and miedew of the grape, 
PEAR SCAB AND EEAF BEIGHT. 
Bordeaux Mixture. (A) Dissolve 16 pounds of sulphate of copper in 22 gallons of water, 
in another vessel slack 30 pounds of lime in 6 gallons of water. When the last mixture has cooled' 
