72 
ILLUSTRATED AND DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 
pour it slowly into the copper solution , taking care to mix the fluids thoroughly by constant 
stiring. It is well to have this compound prepared some days before it is required for use. It 
should be well stirred before applying. 
A solution containing the ingredients in the following proportions has been recommended 
for general use: 
Bordeaux Mixture. (B) Dissolve six pounds of copper in 16 gallons of water, and slack four 
pounds of fresh lime in six gallons cf water. When cool mix the solution as described above. 
Solution of Ammoniac al Carbonate of Copper. Into a vessel having a capacity of about one 
gallon pour one quart of ammonia (strength 20 degrees Baume); add three ounces of carbonate of 
copper; stir rapidly for a moment and the carbonate of copper will dissolve in the ammonia, form- 
lug a very clear liquid. For use dilute to 25 gallons. 
F.au Celeste, Mollified Formula. Dissolve four pounds of copper sulphate in ten or twelve 
gallons of water. Add three pints of strong ammonia, dilute to 50 gallons, and add five pounds of 
common washing soda. Stir thoroughly and the solution is ready for use. This may be used in 
place of the mixture mentioned above, but no special advantage is claimed for it over the other 
The Cornell University, College of Agriculture, Ithica, N. Y., recommends carbonate of cop- 
per for grape diseases instead of Bordeaux mixture, because it is much more easy to prepare and 
handle and it is also cheaper. There are two or three good formulas: Dissolve three ounces of 
carbonate in a quart of ammonia and dilute to 25 gallons. Another good formula is five ounces of 
carbonate in three pints of strongest ammonia, and dilute to 50 gallons. 
(From the Journal of Mycology, Washington, D. C., 1891.) 
* * • The cheapest and most effectual remedy for black rot and downy mildew, taking every- 
thing into consideration, is the ainmoniacal solution of copper carbonate. Next to this, a mixed 
treatment consisting of two or three early sprayings of Bordeaux mixture and the same number 
of late treatments with ammoniacal solution. 
So Danger Whatever. Not only hundreds, but thou lands of tons of mineral poisons have 
been employed during the past decade by farmers throughout the country, whether to protect t e 
potato crop] or the cotton crop, or other products of the soil from the ruinous attacks of insects. 
The general experience during this long period and over the whole country is so emphatically in 
favor of their use, and their perfect safety and harmlessness, with ordinary precautions, as to 
render almost laughable the objections of the few persons who object to them. No advancemen , 
no improvement, no general benefit to the human race is ever accomplished without some atten- 
dant danger, and those who inveigh against such improvements as increasing the risks of life 
stand on the same footing as the opponents to arsenical poisons as insecticides. Repor o 
United States Entomological Commission. 
(New York Weekly Tribune, Nov. 4, 1891, by Professor A. J. Cook.) 
Lime with the Arsenites. Use of the ansenites, London purple and Paris green, to protect 
apples is becoming very common. We should never use these poisons stronger than one P°u 
to 200 gallons of water; that strength is always sufficient to accomplish the purpose. “ " 
than this, we do not always reap full benefit. Last year Professor Gillette found that by the use 
of lime with these substances the soluble arsenic was changed into an invaluable compound, and 
then the foliage was not injured. The same has been proved true at the Michigan station. W e ex- 
perimented on all our fruit trees, even the tender peach, and the lime in every case prevente 
injury. We tried several applications at intervals of ten days on some plants, and no harm e- 
sulted. We see then, that by use of Bordeaux mixture or limewater instead of pure water, we can 
entirely prevent injury to foliage by the arsenites. The limewater should be formed by putting 
from 1 to 4 pounds of thoroughly slaked lime into 100 gallons of water If we wish to use _an in- 
secticide and a fungicide at the same time, then we may add 1 pound of London purple to 1 g 
Ion. of Bordeaux mixture. In every case the lime must be carefully and thoroughly soaked, or 
that will kill the foliage. 
