OF FRUIT, ORNAMENTAL TREES, ETC. 
3 
manure or compost, should be applied freely. Never grow small grain in the orchard, 
but always some crop that will require thorough cultivation, and the rows of trees should be 
kept cultivated at least until the month of September. 
Transplanting. When the trees are received, open the bundles and heel in, so that 
mellow earth will come in contact with all the roots. It may be necessary to apply water 
to moisten the soil. Before planting, the ends of all bruised and broken roots must be cut 
sloping from the under side. If the soil is properly prepared the holes need not be dug 
much larger than to receive the roots in their original position. In planting in sod in yard 
or lawn the hole should be dug four to six feet in diameter and a little deeper than is neces- 
sary to set the tree, always using good mellow soil in filling in, pressing the ground well 
about the roots, and in such a manner a-; to leave them in their natural position as much as 
possible. Waier freely used in planting helps to settle the earth about the roots and a 
mulching as soon as the tree is planted three or four inches thick and four to six feet in 
diameter should be applied, but the earth should be well pressed about the tree before ap- 
plying the mulching. 
DEPTH TO PLANT. 
About the only correct guide that can be given in regard to the depth to be planted is 
that when the ground is well pressed about the tree or plant it will be as deep or a little 
deeper than it stood in the nursery; and in this it is well to bear in mind that the roots of 
some trees such as the Standard Pear, strike their root deep, and require a deep hole even 
to plant them as deep as they were in the nursery. Dwarf trees should be planted so that 
all the stock on which they are worked will be under the ground. 
PRUNING. 
Cut back one- third to one-half of the last season’s growth, and one year old Peach to 
almost a bare stock and headed back to the desired height, for forming the top; the buds on 
the body of the Peach tree will make a better growth and form a better top than if the side 
branches are left on. It is not advisable to do any of this pruning until just before the 
buds start in the spring. Remove the labels before the trees begin to grow. 
WINTERING TREES WHEN PROCURED IN THE FALL. 
Procuring trees in the autumn for early spring planting, is recommended when the pur- 
chaser is not prepared to plants in the fall or prefers spring setting, or where the winters are 
too severe to set out young trees and plant in the fall; the greatest advantages derived in 
doing so are that when the roots have been cut or pruned, it will be found upon taking 
them up in the spring that a callus has been formed ready for the producing of new rootlets, 
and the trees being planted without much exposure as soon as the frost is out of the ground, 
will become thoroughly established the first season, and should make twice the growth of 
late planted trees; and the labor of planting is then done before the rush of the spring work 
sets in. To insure success select adryspot of ground where water will not stand during winter, 
and no grass or litter that will invite mice. Dig a trench from three to four feet wide, ac- 
cording to the amount of trees to be heeled in, and deep enough to admit one layer of roots 
and sloping enough to let the trees lay at an angle of about thirty degrees, throwing the earth 
on the back part of the trenches so as to make a more perfect slope on which to lay down the 
trees. Put in one layer of trees, placing the roots as close together as can conveniently be 
done, cover with weli pulverized soil well up on the bodies and as carefully worked in about 
the roots as if they were being planted ; then add another layer of trees overlapping the first 
and continue as at first until all are heeled in, throwing the ground well up around the 
trench, and where the winters are very severe it is advisable to cover the tree entirely up 
with earth. Evergreen boughs or coarse straw or corn fodder can be placed over the tops, 
but not thick enough to admit of a harbor for mice. The roots should be pruned before lay- 
ing them down in the fall. 
TREATMENT OF TREES, ETC., THAT HAVE BEEN FROZEN IN THE 
PACKAGES OR RECEIVED DURING FROSTY WEATHER. 
Put them unopened in a cellar or some other cool, protected place, free from frost, or 
cover them up heavily and entirely with earth until they are fully thawed out, when they 
can be unpacked and planted or placed in trenches until convenient to plant. Treated in this 
way they will not be injured by the freezing. 
