ON FUNGI PARASITIC ON SCALE-INSECTS FOUND IN FORMOSA. 
75 
Nom. 
Kuwana (15) in a Special Report on San Jose Scales records the 
presence of Sphaerostilbe coccophila T u 1. in different parts of Japan as a 
beneficial natural enemy to Aspidiotus perniciosus , as well as to Diaspis 
pentagona. On the latter insect, he found the fungus in question even at the 
summit of Mt. Togakushi in Central Japan. These facts seem to indicate 
that the fungus is a native of our country and not of a recent introduction. 
Although we do not find any definite statement in his report, the author 
seems to entertain a view, that the Nomura’s fungus mentioned above is 
identical with Sphaerostilbe coccophila Tul.; for he reproduced in plate VII. 
some of the Nomura’s figures of Nectria coccophila to illustrate his fungus. 
In 1907, Nishida (17), in his ‘‘Diseases of Orange-trees”, touched 
upon two species of Aschersonia, which he found parasitic on the scale-insects 
infesting the orange-trees in different parts of our country. The one he 
called the “black-fungus”, Aschersonia sp., is what we have identified in the 
present paper with A. marginata Ell. et Ev.; and the other, the “red- 
fungus”, he referred to A. Aleyrodes Webber. Judging from the figures 
and brief descriptions of the fungus, however, we are inclined to regard it as 
identical with our new species, A. Suzukii. It was found parasitic on Aspi- 
diotus aurantii in Honsiu, Kiusiu and Riukiu. 
Sawada (24, 25), in 1911, reports on the coccophilous nature of Septo- 
basidium albidum Pat. and S. Acadae Sawada. The former is the cause of 
the “plaster-disease” of camphor-trees, while the latter that of Acacia confusa 
Herr, as well as of Citrus nobilis Lour, and Glochidion obovatum S. et 
Z. in Formosa. They are not directly parasitic on the host-plants, no trace 
of the mycelium being found in their tissues. According to the author, the 
mycelium of these fungi grows and develops at first on the excretions of scale- 
insects, which are finally completely overgrown and killed by the thick subi- 
culum of the fungus. 
Shortly before the publication of Sawada’s paper on Septobasidium, a 
short preliminary note on the biology of the genus by T. P e t c h (20) ap- 
peared. The author announces the discovery of the coccidophagous habit of 
several species of Septobasidium found in Ceylon and also in North America. 
