— 7i — 
sades such as those forming the main attraction of the magnificent scenery 
towards the mouth of the Nipigon River. This diabase country is wild and 
rough — a wilderness of mountain, cliff, talus-slope, bog, lake, and rushing waters 
with frequent waterfalls, practically all in forest, although burned over in places. 
It is a botanists’ and sportsmen’s paradise, but woe to him who is not able to 
live in a tent or to pack things on his back over rough trails, or whose nerves 
are not equal to the test of the hordes of black flies by day, “no-see-ums,” 2 at 
dusk and daybreak, and mosquitoes by night! 
The forests in this region consist of but few types. Black spruce occurs 
everywhere in the mature muskegs and also in crevices on the cliffs and more 
barren rocky surfaces where soil is scanty or none. On the burned-over areas, 
of course, the white birch and trembling aspen prevail, while in favorable situa- 
tions, where a rather deep forest soil has accumulated, the forest is nearly pure 
balsam and spruce, or, more usually, a mixture of these trees with white birch 
and trembling aspen and an undergrowth of mountain ash and moose maple 
(Acer spicatum ). 
To the east of Lake Nipigon the country is less rough, there being much 
glacial till and sand-plain between the rock hills, though still with numerous 
lakes and bogs, the spruce muskeg covering large areas. To the northwest of 
Lake Superior, along the line of the Canadian Government Railway, about 
thirty miles from Fort William, there is a mountain range which, with its similar 
altitude and rounded contours, reminds one of the ranges of the Allegheny Moun- 
tains, though with some very steep cliffs and rocky gorges. Beyond this range, 
farther northwest, the country becomes rather monotonous with wide stretches 
of spruce muskeg and lakes and ponds innumerable, bounded by flat stretches of 
Banksian pine sand-plain or by glacial moraines, or by low knobs of rock made 
round and smooth by glaciers. 
The following list enumerates the specimens of Sphagnum collected during 
the years 1912, 1913, and 1914. These were* identified for us by Dr. A. LeRoy 
Andrews. While not yet worked over, the 1916 and 1917 specimens will not 
likely show much in addition, other than to extend the areas of some of the 
species eastward from Lake Nipigon to Jellicoe and Long Lake, and to add 
further localities within the general area covered by the three years’ collections 
reported herewith. The ranges given for the species and the order of sequence 
and the nomenclature in the list is that adopted by Andrews in the North Amer- 
ican Flora. All specimens were collected by O. E. and Grace K. Jennings, 
unless otherwise stated. The numbers in parenthesis are the writer’s field- 
numbers for his Ontario collections. 
2 Minute blood-sucking flies variously known as Midges, Sand-flies, Punkies, or No-see-ums, 
belonging to the genus Culicoides. These pests were especially annoying at our station at Orient 
Bay, Lake Nipigon. The “Black Fly” of the North Woods is a dark-colored, hump-backed, 
short-legged fly (genus Simulium) about half as long as a house fly. It bites with a lance-like 
cut from which blood flows, especially along the edge of one’s hat-band, under the collar, and 
around the wrists. This pest is much worse during the first half of the summer, and especially 
after a wet spring and its favorite habitat is a black spruce-sphagnum muskeg. See Miall’s Aquatic 
Insects for some interesting reading concerning the life of the Black Fly. 
