62 — 
to the perianth usually enclose antheridia, although the innermost bract on one 
side may be free from them. The perigynium, even when fertilization has taken 
place, is exceedingly shallow, thus differing from N. obovata, and it is rare for 
more than one bract to be borne on it. 
The material at the disposal of the writer has been insufficient for the study 
of mature capsules, and these are not described in the published accounts beyond 
the fact that they are oval. A section cut through the stalk of a young sporo- 
phyte shows a somewhat more complex condition than in N. obovata; the outer- 
most row is composed of twenty-four cells, the second of eighteen, and the inner- 
most cells, which form an irregular group, number eleven. These numbers are 
high for the genus Nardia but in all probability a good deal of variation would 
be found if numerous sporophytes were compared. 
Another paroicous Nardia , N. Geoscyphus (De Not.) Lindb., has been found 
in New Jersey, but there is little danger of confusing it with N .fossombronioides, 
on account of the fact that some of its leaves are retuse at the apex or even dis- 
tinctly bilobed. It is further distinguished by an occasional terminal branching, 
giving rise to an apparent dichotomy; by small underleaves, distinct in the apical 
portion; and often, in the case of fertile plants, by a short bulbous perigynium. 
7. Nardia rubra (Gottsche) comb. nov. Jungermannia rubra Gottsche; 
Bolander, California Med. Gaz. 1870: 184 (nomen nudum); Underwood, Bot. 
Gaz. 13 : 1 13. pi. 4. 1888. [Plate II, figs. 1-7.] 
British Columbia: Ucluelet, J. Macoun 33, 35, 72; Hastings, J. Macoun 
208, 1245; Stanley Park, Vancouver, J. Macoun 118, 119; Goldstream, Van- 
couver Island, J. Macoun 21. 
Washington: Renton, T. C. Frye 22; Seattle, T. C. Frye 1, C. V Piper 
101 (also distributed, under a manuscript name, in Underwood & Cook’s Hep. 
Amer. i6g)\ Ilwaco, T. C. Frye 2066, 2068; near Cathlamet, A. S. Foster 312; 
Houghton, T. C. Frye 590; Tacoma, J. B. Flett; Aberdeen, A . S. Foster 950; 
Pacific Beach and vicinity, A . S. Foster I44Y, 1496; above Hoquiam, A . 5 . Foster 
759; Bainbridge, A. S. Foster 1959; Montesano, J. M. Grant 2035, 2040. 
California: Without definite locality, H. N. Bolander; Santa Cruz, W. G. 
Fallow; Santa Cruz Mountains, L. M. Underwood (distributed, as N. crenulata , 
in Hep. Amer. 200 ) ; near Lake San Andreas, San Mateo County, M. A . Howe 44; 
Cazadero, Sonoma County, M. A . Howe 1226. 
Many of these specimens have been recorded elsewhere under the name 
N. crenulata (Sm.) Lindb. According to the information at hand, N. crenulata 
is restricted in North America to the eastern part. Stephani reports it from 
Greenland, but the writer has seen no specimens from farther north than Prince 
Edward Island and Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Toward the south it 
increases in frequency, becoming one of the commonest species in southern New 
England and New York. The southernmost specimens examined came from 
Alabama and the westernmost from West Virginia, but records from Ohio are 
available. The species has a wide distribution in Europe, and Stephani lists 
it from Japan. N. rubra , on the other hand, seems to be confined to the Pacific 
