GASTEROPODA. 
299 
it is found. It is subject to considerable variety in form and colour ; the 
toothless var. not unfrequently occurs, and on a sea-bank at Belfast Bay I 
once obtained a specimen with two teeth, but, differing in no other respect 
from the ordinary shell, I cannot consider it otherwise than an accidental 
variety of P. umbilicata. Specimens whitish and opaque, like “ dead shells,” 
not unfrequently occur containing the living animal. Occasionally in 
the North, at the South Islands of Arran, and about the lakes of Killar- 
ney, I have procured a few individuals of a crystalline transparency, the 
elegance of their appearance being much enhanced by the pure white 
margin of the peristome. The animal is of a very pale grey colour. 
P. Anglica , Alder. 
This species, considered peculiar to England when described by Ferus- 
sac, and in the very latest work treating of the British land Mollusca 
having only the localities “ North of England, Northumberland, Lanca- 
shire ” attributed to it, is found in the North and South, in the East and 
West, of Ireland ; but at the same time is by no means general, or, except 
in particular spots, plentiful, like P. umbilicata. Under stones, on marsh 
plants, in wet moss, &c., it harbours. I first met with it in June, 1833, in 
the County of Londonderry, at the side of the river Bann, near its junc- 
tion with the ocean ; in numerous localities throughout Down and An- 
trim, and in the demesne of Florence Court, County Fermanagh, it since 
occurred to me ; in the West, on the mountain of Benbulben in Sligo ; in 
the South, about O’Sullivan’s cascade, at the lower lake of Killarney ; and 
in the East, in the glen of the Downs, County Wicklow. Dr. W. H. 
Harvey obtained this species “ near Ballitore, and on the sand-hills, Mil- 
town Malbay,” but notes it as very rare. In the collections of Mr. T. W. 
Warren and Mr. Edw. Waller, of Dublin, are specimens procured by the 
former gentleman at Ardmore (County Waterford), and in the neighbour- 
hood of the metropolis ; and by the latter at Annahoe, County Tyrone ; 
and at Killanella Wood, Co. Galway, close to Loch Derg; — near Portar- 
lington it is found by the Rev. B. J. Clarke, and by the Rev. T. Hincks 
near Cork, where it is “ abundant in wet moss.” In England I have col- 
lected the P. Anglica at Twizel House, Northumberland ; in Scotland, 
about Ballantrae, Ayrshire. 
The shells of this Pupa commonly vary in colour from pale greyish- 
brown to a deep reddish shade of this colour, and are rarely of a glassy 
transparency ; the margin of the mouth and teeth are generally of the 
colour of the shell, but sometimes pure white. Mr. Gray, having had 
the opportunity of consulting the work only of M. Michaud, refers his 
Pupa tridentalis with doubt to this species, but from having been favoured 
by its describer with specimens of this shell from the neighbourhood of 
Lyons, I can state with certainty that it is entirely distinct from P. An- 
glica, and a species unknown as British. Mr. Gray makes Pfeiffer’s Pupa 
bidentata, 1 , 59, t. 3, f. 21, 22, synonymous with P. Anglica, but, judg- 
ing from the diagnosis and figures, I cannot think them the same. 
P. marginata, Drap., 
Is common, and, although not generally diffused, is found from the ex- 
treme North to South, and East to West, of Ireland. It is particularly 
partial to the sand-hills or pastures bordering the coast, and to marine 
islets, as those in Strangford Lough ; in the inland parts of the country 
it likewise occurs. The tooth is rarely visible : specimens containing the 
living animal are not unfrequently of a whitish colour. 
