132 
J. T. CUNNINGHAM. 
megalocephala. The results he gives would have been 
interesting ten years ago, but at the present time they are 
scarcely deserving of serious attention. The formation of 
“ the ” polar globule is mentioned but not described. The 
male pronucleus is said to be a spindle with rods at its equator. 
The female pronucleus is described as a magnificent star. 
There is no micropyle. His account of the development of 
spermatozoa is astonishing ; the young spermatozoa he calls 
deutospermatoblasts ; these congregate in pairs, and when they 
separate each gives out a corpuscle de rebut resembling a polar 
globule. The rest of the development takes place within the 
female organs. M. Hallez has been original enough to 
mistake the refringent body for the spermatozoon itself. The 
nucleus is always, he says, outside the body of the sper- 
matozoon. 
A general essay on fertilization is given by A. Sabatier . 1 
He finds that three kinds of globules are expelled from the 
ovum, precocious globules, “ globules tardifs,” and true polar 
globules. These eliminated parts are the male element; in the 
spermatozoa it is the central part of the original cell which is 
eliminated. Sabatier sought to prove that in the partheno- 
genetic ova of Aphides polar globules were not formed, but was 
not quite successful. He refers on this point to Weissmann’s 
account of parthenogenesis in Daphnoidea. 
Another paper on the subject which treats of A scar is 
megalocephala, is by Prof. Moritz Nussbaum , 2 of Bonn. 
In some points he confirms Van Beneden, in others is at 
variance with him. His figures and descriptions of the direc- 
tive spindle are very different from Van Beneden’s and far less 
complete. He confirms Van Beneden’s results as to the 
presence of four chromatic loops in the first segmentation 
spindle. His conclusion with regard to the theory of fecunda- 
tion is that it consists in the union of two homologous cells. 
Biitschli , 3 in discussing the essential meaning of fecundation, 
1 * Revue des Sciences Naturelles,’ iii, 1884, p. 362. 
2 * Arch. f. Alik. Anat..,’ vol. xxiii. 
3 ‘ Biol. Ceiitralbl.,’ iv, 1884. 
