280 
SIDNEY F. HARMER. 
in the “primary body cavity/ 5 is morphologically different 
from the ciliated funnel which opens into the “ secondary body 
cavity’ 5 in Chaetopoda, Mollusca, and Brachiopoda. 
This is the view adopted by Lang (47), who has pointed out 
(p. 678) the support afforded to it of Ed. Meyer’s observation 
that the ciliated funnel in Polymnia (Ter eb ell a) is in its 
first development quite separate from the excretory organ, 
with which it secondarily enters into connection. It appears 
to me, therefore, that the Polyzoa have remained (in this 
respect at any rate) in a far more archaic condition than the 
Brachiopoda, which possess a nephridium provided with a 
ciliated funnel. 
It is probable, as Joliet (24) has already pointed out, that 
the “ segmental organ 55 which has been described in some 
Ectoprocta is not the homologue of the nephridia of the 
Entoprocta. 
1 have in no species of Loxosoma succeeded irt discovering 
the paired organs described by Salensky (15), and supposed by 
him to be renal. They are said to occur at the sides of the 
intestine in L. crassicauda, each consisting of a group of 
eight stalked cells opening to the exterior by a common duct. 
Generative Organs. — The gonads of the Entoprocta are un- 
doubtedly “ idiodinic,” to adopt Lankester’s term (No. 38, 
p. 682), i.e. they have their own ducts to the exterior, and do 
not make use of nephridia for the extrusion of the generative 
products. The Entoprocta have usually been described as 
hermaphrodite, although some observers, like Kowalewsky (3), 
and Vogt (12), have asserted the separation of the sexes. 
Although I have examined a very large number of specimens 
ofPedicellina and Loxosoma, belonging to various species, 
I have in no single case been able to find in the same individual 
mature ovaries and testes. One or two of my preparations 
perhaps indicate that male and female generative organs can 
be developed in the same individual at different seasons ; and 
I am inclined to believe that this is what really happens. 1 In 
1 The fact that buds are developed indifferently on males and females alike 
perhaps indicates the correctness of this view. 
