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SIDNEY F. HARMER. 
Phoronis, although it is identical with that of Actino- 
trocha. The line between mouth and anus is ventral in 
Polvzoa, but dorsal in Phoronis. 
15. The affinity of the Polyzoa to the Brachiopoda is 
probably more doubtful than to Phoronis, the larvae of the 
two groups differing in many important characters ( e.g . the 
absence (?) of head-kidneys in the larval Brachiopod). 
16. The nearest allies of the Polyzoa (i.e. of the Ento- 
procta) are the Trochosphere larvae of Mollusca or 
Chaetopoda and the adult Rotifera. 
17. The Entoprocta form the most archaic of the groups 
of the Polyzoa, their relations to the other forms being, 
however, somewhat doubtful. 
Note. — Fewkes (42) has recently described a new larva, 
belonging to an unknown adult, and regarded by him as being 
of great importance in forming a connecting link between 
Polyzoa and Annelids. In spite of the assertion of Fewkes 
that “ there is no doubt that it is a larval Annelid,” I venture 
to believe that it has no importance in the sense ascribed to it 
by the American zoologist, and that the animal in question is 
simply a very characteristic larval Loxosoma. The relations 
of the ciliated ring in Fewkes’ larva are precisely those of the 
Entoprocta; there are two eyes, no doubt indicating the 
presence of a dorsal organ (whose cilia are described) ; the 
anus opens on an anal cone; the stomach has orange granules, 
the situation of the mouth not having been observed with com- 
plete certainty, although believed to occur just within the 
ciliary ring, which can be reflected over the oral face of the 
larva. 
These features, together with the figures given, leave no 
doubt in my mind that the larva described by Fewkes is merely 
that of a Loxosoma. 
List of Papers referred to. 
1. P. J. van Beneden. — “ Rechercbes sur l’Anatomie, la Physiologic et le 
Developpement des Bryozoaires (Pedicellina),” * Nouveaux Mem. de 
l’Acad. Roy. des Sciences et Belles Lettres de Bruxelles,’ T. xix 
1845. 
