CHROMATOLOGY OF BLOOD OF SOME INVERTEBRATES. 471 
iron, but Gforup-Besanez found iron also in its ash. 1 Harless 
made an elementary analysis of the colouring matter, and 
found in it — besides copper — carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 
nitrogen. The same investigators examined the blood of the 
Cephalopods Loligo and Eledone; they found copper, but 
no iron, and stated that the blue colouration of the blood was 
removed by oxygen and restored on its abstraction — an error 
which has since been refuted. 
In 1857 Haeckel 2 made some observations on the blood of 
HomolaCuvieri, in which he show ed that the colourless blood 
became gradually grey and then black ; he also observed that 
the bright blue blood of a lobster became after many hours a 
darker violet. P. Bert 3 in 1867 found the blood of Sepia 
colourless, feebly bluish, especially in the veins of the gills, 
and that it acquired a bright blue colour on exposure to air. 
This colour (he showed) belongs to the plasma, and is not lost 
by boiling. Rabuteau and Papillon 4 in 1873 experimented on 
the blood of the Octopus. They examined its spectrum, and 
arrived at the conclusion that it gives no bands ; they found 
that it became blue on exposure to the air, that this colour 
was lost on treatment with C0 2 , but on shaking with air again 
appeared. They observed the same colour changes in the 
blood of Crabs. Jolyet and Regnard 5 showed in 1877 that 
on shaking Crabs' blood with air it showed a beautiful blue or 
brownish colour according to the manner in which it was 
examined ; it gradually loses this colour, becoming reddish 
and then feebly yellow, but on treatment with pure oxygen its 
original colour is restored. They found two colouring matters 6 
in Crabs’ blood ; one is blue, and is precipitated by alcohol 
with the albumen of the blood ; the other is reddish, and 
remains in the alcoholic filtrate. 
1 * Lebrbuch d. physiol. Chemie,’ p. 369. 
2 Muller’s Archiv,’ 1857, S. 511, Anm. i. 
3 * Compt. rend.,’ t. lxv, 1867, pp. 300 — 302. 
* * Compt. rend.,’ t. lxxvii, 1873, p. 137. 
5 4 Extr. des Archives de Physiologie,’ 2 ser., t. iv, 1877, p. 36, &c. 
6 See p. 175, foot note. 
