CHROMATOLOGY OR BLOOD OF SOME INVERTEBRATES. 475 
Blood of Limnaeus stagnalis. — On exposure to air it 
assumed a whitish-blue colour, gave no bands, nor after treat- 
ment with ammonia, acetic acid, or sulphide of ammonium ; 
the last discharged the colour completely, which could not be 
restored on shaking with air. 
Blood of Paludina vivipara. — The blood of this Mol- 
lusk is frequently exuded when the animal is pricked with a 
needle or otherwise irritated, and is of a blue colour. It is 
quite free from bands. Ammonia slightly diminishes the 
colour, but does not remove it ; acetic acid does not remove 
it ; with neither reagent nor with sulphide of ammonium could 
any distinct bands be obtained. 
The blood of Homarus, Cancer, Carcinus, and Astacus 1 
were also examined with the same negative result as regards 
bands, their colouring matters are, I believe, all identical, and 
generally agree when present with the description of hsemo- 
cyanin given by Fredericq and others referred to above. I need 
not therefore enter into further detail as this paper deals only 
with the spectroscopic characters of the colouring matters. 
The blood of Serpula contortuplicata and Sabella 
tubularia (Gosse). — A few preliminary remarks on the 
chromatology of the blood of some worms is necessary before 
describing the results of my examination of the above. Those 
worms which contain haemoglobin in their pseudohaemal system 
or perivisceral cavity have already been referred to. 
In his paper above referred to Professor Lankester men- 
tions the fact that Sipunculus nudus of the Gulf of Naples 
contains a pale madder-like colouring matter in its peri- 
visceral cavity, which is due to a large number of coloured 
corpuscles from ^V p-th to 4 ^ 0 th of an inch in diameter, and 
that this colouring matter, also found in other parts of the 
worm, is not haemoglobin. 
1 Halliburton has shown since the above was written that in the blood 
plasma of Homarus a red pigment, soluble iu alcohol, ether, chloroform, &c., 
occurs, which appears to be the same red pigment as that found by me in 
other parts of the same animal. See his report on Proteids of Blood, ‘ Brit 
Med. Journ.,’ July 25th, 1S85. 
