cannot be eliminated or modified should be treated 
periodically with chemicals. 
In hospitals, nursing homes, and other institu- 
tions, basic sanitation, again, is the answer to 
insect and rodent control. Cleanliness of the main 
kitchen, ward kitchens, and storeroom areas is es- 
pecially important in control of cockroaches, rats 
and mice. Cleanliness of individual rooms and 
wards is also important. Refuse storage with 
adequate facilities and proper care and mainte- 
nance will do much toward fly, mosquito and rodent 
control. The disposal of contaminated waste, 
dressings, sputum, and similar materials is of 
cardinal importance, because insects and rodents 
can easily spread pathogenic organisms from these 
sources. Heavy galvanized metal containers with 
tight fitting lids, or heavy hard-rubber containers 
with screw-type locking lids are satisfactory for 
storage of contaminated materials, but storage 
should be of very short duration. These materials 
should be disposed of at least twice daily by 
efficient incineration. All institutions producing 
biologically contaminated refuse should have well 
designed incinerators using accessory fuel, which 
will insure destruction of pathogenic organisms 
and complete combustion of these wastes. 
PROMOTING PUBLIC COOPERATION 
General 
Insect and rodent control may be effected in a 
community in two ways. It may be set up as an 
independent endeavor with its own staff and opera- 
ting procedures or it may be integrated with the 
existing environmental sanitation program. If es- 
tablished as an independent unit in a local health 
department, its activities must be coordinated with 
th ose of other local governmental units working in 
related fields. For example, local fire departments 
have given valuable assistance in improving refuse 
storage, especially in downtown business areas 
where improperly stored refuse frequently consti- 
tuted a definite fire hazard. A vector control pro- 
gram, to be effective, must have the support of 
local officials, civic groups and the residents and 
business men of the community. 
Education and Information 
the problem and its solutions, and the benefits that 
w ill accrue to the individual and the community. 
Consequently, a forceful, sustained, well organized, 
informational phase is necessary to obtain full 
cooperation of the whole community. Without this 
public cooperation and without continued informa- 
tional and promotional efforts by responsible 
authorities, a sanitation program for vector control 
will not receive an adequate start, nor will it be 
able to sustain sufficient interest to keep it going 
the year around. 
One method for initiating such a program is to 
carry out a combination “Cleanup” and “Garbage 
Can” Campaign, or a “Paint Up, Cleanup and Fix- 
Up” Campaign. Considerable enthusiasm can be 
generated by an activity of this nature, but it is 
especially important to take measures to avoid 
letdown after such efforts. Every means should be 
used to emphasize to the public that the campaign 
is just a symbol of an activity that should be 
practiced day after day, year after year. The in- 
formational program begun before the “Cleanup 
Week” should continue actively after the campaign 
closes. 
Numerous devices have been used successfully 
to stimulate interest and participation. The mayor 
may officially declare a specified week as “Clean- 
up Week.” Full use should be made of radio, news- 
papers, and other informational media to announce 
Fly Control 
Program Begins 
Health Department 
Sponsors Move to Reduce 
Fly Breeding in City 
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Any successful program for raising the level of 
general sanitation depends on public awareness of 
38 
