56 
CLASSIFICATIONS OF ZOOPHYTES. 
liferous (Cellariadse), and of the articulated corallines (Coral- 
lina), of Keratophyta, of the Eschara, of the English corals, of 
sponges, of the Alcyonium, and of tubular corals, under which 
head he describes several of the more common tubicolous 
worms, which are found on our coast, and which have no rela- 
tionship whatever to the other subjects of his treatise. Look- 
ing back on this arrangement from our present vantage ground, 
it appears disorderly and very defective, but when we reflect how 
imperfect the knowledge of species was at that period, and how 
crude the notions were on the nature and use of systems, we 
may find much to commend in it. Some of the chapters indeed 
contain a mixture of very dissimilar things, but others may be 
justly. considered as so many natural genera or families, which 
subsequent naturalists had merely to subdivide and name. 
Linnaeus — in every sense the first of systematists — published 
the tenth edition of his Sy sterna Naturae in 1758. In it the 
avertebrate animals are arranged in two classes, Insecta and 
Vermes, — and of the latter zoophytes, with the exception of Ac- 
tinia which is placed amongst the mollusca, form the last two 
orders which he named Lithophyta and Zoophyta. That we 
may appreciate the nature and value of the changes proposed 
subsequently to his time, it will be necessary to give the defini- 
tions of his orders and genera. 
I. “ LITHOPHYTA Mollusca composita, basin solidam aedifi- 
cantia. 
Tubipora Corallium tubis cylindricis. 
Millepora Corallium tubis obconicis teretibus. 
Madrepora Corallium tubis stellatis.” 
II. “ ZOOPHYTA Plantse vegetantes floribus animatis. 
Isis Stirps radicata, lapidea, nuda, geniculis corneis. 
Gorgonia Stirps radicata, cornea, crustata, continua. 
Alcyonium Stirps stuposa, corticata, continua. 
Tubularia Stirps fistulosa, tunicata, subgeniculata. 
Eschara Stirps papyracea, nuda, porosa. 
Corallina Stirps fibrosa, crustata, articulata : articulis multi- 
floris. 
Sertularia Stirps fibrosa, nuda, articulata: articulis unifloris. 
Hydra Stirps subradicata, gelatinosa, apice florifera. 
Pennatula Stirps libera, pennata, basi ore instructa. 
