68 
CLASSIFICATIONS OF ZOOPHYTES. 
an original classification of Zoophytes, and although no one, 
from his previous studies and important discoveries relative to 
their structure and functions, ever came better prepared for the 
task, yet the system he framed is assuredly not superior to those 
of his predecessors. The Actiniae and Lucernaria were collocated 
with the Radiata acalepha or sea-jellies, and the Zoophyta divid- 
ed into four orders as follow 
I. Carnosa. 
Polypi connected with a fleshy substance. 
Keeping this definition in view, who would have expected to find 
Sponges and Corallines and Madrepores under this order ? and yet 
they are there in defiance of the definition. The following is a sy- 
nopsis of this order — - 
I. Free ; marine ; moving by the contraction or expansion of the 
fleshy part ; form symmetrical ; axis of the body supported by a 
bone contained in a sac. 
Pennatula. 
Yirgularia. 
II. Fixed or stationary. 
A. Polypiferous matter covering a solid axis. 
a. Axis with stellular discs Lamellifer;e. 
b. Stellular discs terminal. 
Sarcinula. 
Lithostrotion. 
Caryophyllea. 
Turbin olia. 
Cyclotites. 
b b. Stellular discs aggregated. 
Explanaria. 
Astrea. 
Porites. 
Pocillopora. 
a a. Axis destitute of cellular discs. 
b. Axis corneous and flexible ; polypiferous basis cre- 
taceous ; the axis with spines. 
c. Polypi developed. — Gorgoniadje. 
Gorgonia. 
Primnoa. 
c c. Polypi not developed.-— Cor allin a d^e. 
Jania. 
* History of British Animals, Edin. 1828. 8vo. 
