Caryophyllia. 
Z. HELIANTHOIDA. 
207 
by Mr J. E. Gray,* that they are fixed in their first stage of existence, 
but become detached by age. Dr Fleming, to his description of the 
species, adds, “ From its shape, it appears probable, that it grows with 
its base fixed in the sandy bottom of the sea, as Pallas formerly corn 
jectured.” 
18. Caryophyllia, f Lamarck. 
Character. Animal like the Actinia : Polypidom permanent- 
ly fixed , simple , cylindrical or conoid , striated externally in a lon- 
gitudinal direction , the top hollowed into a lamellated stellular cup. 
1. C. Smithii, polypidom cylindrical ; lamellae entire^ arched^ 
faintly crenate , from 3 to 5 smaller ones between the larger ; 
centre tubercular . Rev. Dr Fleming. 
Vignette, No. 30, page 206. 
Caryophyllia cyathus, Fleming in Wern. Mem. ii. 249 ; and in Edin. New 
Phil. Journ, viii. 70. Broderip in Ibid. viii. 312. Flem . Brit. Anim. 508. 
— C. Smithii, Stokes and Broderip in Zool. Journ. iii. 486, pi. 13, fig. 
1-6. and in Bull, des Sc. Nat. xvii. 157. Buckland , Bridgew. Treat, ii. 
90, pi. 54 fig. 9-11. Harvey in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, part ii. 28 : and 
in Mag. Nat. Hist. New Series, i. 474, fig: 55. 
Hab. ei From deep water off Foulah, in Zetland,” Fleming. 
Southern coast of Devonshire, Thomas Smith , Esq. Cornwall, 
Mr Coutch. 
The Polypidom is firmly attached to the rock so as apparently to 
make a part of it : it is cylindrical, whitish stained with brown, stri- 
ated or finely grooved on the exterior, internally cupped and lamel- 
lar. The lamellae are of three kinds, a larger and more prominent, 
between every pair of which there are generally three, but sometimes 
five lesser ones, of which the central one differs from the others in 
being divided into two portions, the innermost half projecting beyond 
the others towards the centre and forming an inner series. J All 
* Syn. of Brit. Museum, p. 70. See also in relation to this point Mr Stutch- 
bury’s observations on the growth of young Corals of the genus Fungia, in Lin. 
Trans, xvi. p. 493. 
f From net^vov, a nut, and <pc/*Aov,a leaf.— The name has been so generally re- 
ceived that it might be difficult to substitute another for the genus, and yet it 
is very objectionable. There is a Caryophyllceus among the intestinal worms ; 
and the Caryophyllece are familiar to all botanists — The following generic cha- 
racter of Caryophyllia is given by Mr Stokes : “ Polyparium simplex, basi 
affixum. Corona laminis duplici serie dispositis, exterioribus majoribus, re- 
gulariter insequalibus, maximis inter seriei internee laminas interpositis. Dis- 
cus lamellis erectis, prominulis foliatis.” 
f Dr Fleming describes the plates thus ; “ The lamellae are disposed in fours. 
