THE M. H. HARMAN COMPANY 
Fruit Department 
The ground in which fruit trees arc planted should be drained in such a way as to avoid stagnant moisture, 
which is inimical to the best growth of newly planted trees, and the ground should be as well prepared as for 
crops of corn, potatoes, etc. Before planting the trees, see that all broken roots are properly pruned, and in the 
case of standard trees, which run from 5 to 7 feet, have all of the top branches pruned back to within three 
or four buds at the base of the shoot, thus lessening the strain upon the roots, and giving the remaining buds 
an opportunity for more vigorous growth. Larger trees may be shortened to a lesser degree; and where there 
are small twiggy growths, these should be cut out entirely. In all cases have the holes dug sufficiently large 
to allow the roots of trees to be straight and natural, and with the tree held in an upright position, have the 
finest and best soil carefully worked in among the roots so that the latter may be in close contact with the 
soil. This important point will save the loss of many trees. Trees which are tall enough to be shaken by 
the wind should be carefully staked, with a piece of cloth tied about the tree to prevent rubbing of the 
bark by either the slake or tying material. After planting the trees have the ground, as far as the roots 
extend, well mulched, several inches deep, with manure. This protection, in dry ground especially, is 
beneficial, as it prevents the cracking or drying out of the ground, and provides a very even moisture about 
the roots. Keep the ground about young fruit trees cultivated and open, not allowing the grass to grow 
about them. 
Distance Between Trees or Plants in Plantations 
Standard Apples, 30 to 40 feet apart each way. In poor soils 25 feet may be enough. 
Standard Pears and Cherries, 20 feet apart each way. Cherries will do at 18 feet, and the dwarf-growing sorts, 
Dukes and Morellos, even at 16 feet. 
Standard Plums, Peaches, Apricots and Nectarines, 16 to 18 feet apart each way. 
S umces, 10 to 12 feet apart each way. 
warf, or Pyramidal Pears Cherries and Plums, 10 to 12 feet apart each way. The greater distance is better 
where land is not scarce. 
Dwarf Apples, bushes, 6 feet apart. 
Currants, Gooseberries and Raspberries, 3 to 4 feet apart. 
Blackberries, 6 to 7 feet apart. 
Number of Trees or Plants on an Acre at Various Distances 
4 feet apart each way 
6 “ “ “ “ 
8 “ 
io “ “ “ “ 
12 “ “ “ “ 
2,729 15 feet apart each way 200 
1,742 18 “ “ “ " 135 
1,200 20 no 
680 25 “ “ “ “ 70 
430 3 o “ 50 
325 
The number of plants required for an acre, at any given distance apart, may be ascertained by dividing the 
number of square feet in an acre (43,560) by the number of square feet given to each plant, which is obtained by 
multiplying the distance between rows by the distance between the plants. Thus, strawberries planted 3 feet by 
1 foot, gives each plant 3 square feet, 14,520 plants to the acre. 
APPLES 
The following list of Apples embraces varieties 
which have been tested, and can be recommended 
as the very best for general cultivation. Most all 
Applt^ are furnished in standard sizes; occasionally 
calls are made for dwarf trees, which can be supplied. 
Extra First-class, 7 to 8 ft.. 76 cts. each, $5 for 10 
First-class Standard Trees. 6 to 7 ft., 50 cts. each, $3 
for 10, $25 per 100 
Dwarf Trees on Paradise stock, 2 to 3 ft., 50 cts. each. 
$4 for 10. These are useful for small gardens, and 
usually bear the third year after planting. 
Summer Apples 
Early Harvest. Moderate growth, medium to 
large; yellow; tender, rather acid; very good. Ripen- 
ing August. 
Early Strawberry. Moderate growth, medium; 
deep red; melting, subacid; very good. Ripening Aug. 
Golden Sweet. Free growth; large; yellow; tender; 
sweet, rich; very good. Ripening August and Sept. 
Primate. Medium growth; pale yellow; tender, 
fine flesh, juicy, mildly acid. Excellent dessert Apple. 
Ripening August and September. 
Red Astrachan. Free growth; large, roundish; deep 
crimson; juicy, rather acid; good; very hardy; highly 
esteemed on account of its fine appearance, earliness 
and hardiness. Ripening August. 
Sops of Wine. Free growth; medium; dark crim- 
son; juicy, sub-acid; good. Ripening Aug. and Sept. 
Sweet Bough. Moderate growth; large; pale yellow, 
tender, juicy, sweet; very good. Ripening August. 
Tetofsky. Moderate growth; Russian; medium; 
yellow and red; juicy, sprightly acid; good; Very 
hardy. Ripening July and August. 
Williams’ Favorite. Moderate growth; large, ob- 
long; red; rich and excellent. Ripening August. 
Yellow Transparent. Free growth; Russian; medi- 
um; roundish, oblate, slightly conical; pale yellow; 
tender, juicy, sprightly subacid; good. Ripening Aug. 
Autumn Apples 
Alexander. Moderate growth; Russian; very large 
and handsome; crimson; crisp, subacid; good. Ripen- 
ing September and October. 
Fall Pippin. Free growth; very large; yellow; ten- 
der, rich; very good or best. Ripening Oct. to Dec. 
Fameuse, or Snow, vigorous growth; medium; 
deep crimson; tender, subacid, melting, delicious; 
very good; hardy. One of the best dessert Apples. 
Ripening November to January. 
Gravenstein. Vigorous growth; very large; striped; 
juicy, tender, crisp, rich, subacid; very good. Ripen- 
ing September and October. 
Maiden’s Blush. Free growth; large; yellow and 
red; tender, juicy, subacid; good. Ripening Septem- 
ber and October. 
Oldenburg, or Duchess of Oldenburg. Vigorous 
growth; Russian; large; striped; tender, juicy, sub- 
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