REVIEIVS AND EXCHANGES 
171 
Protective Measures in other Lands. — Passing through 
one of the poorer districts of New York, a few months ago, 
I saw some young trees planted along the kerb in front of a 
Public Elementary School. The guard round each tree was 
inscribed, “ This tree is a gift to all children. Be kind to it.” 
X'isiting, a few days ago, the wonderful collection of megalithic 
remains which have rendered the heath of Carnac famous 
throughout the world of archaeology, 1 saw that near each 
cromlech, or group of stones, was a simple granite column with 
an incised and painted inscription, stating the name of the 
megalith and that it was the property of the State, and that any 
damage to it was punishable by law. These seem to me e.xcel- 
lent e.xamples, though the unfortunately permissive character 
of our Ancient Monuments Act gives us but few opportunities 
of following the second of them. — Ed. N.N. 
Manchester Microscopical Society’s Lectures. — We 
have been asked to call attention once more to the long and 
varied list of lectures on Natural History, which some fourteen 
members of this Society are prepared to deliver in Yorkshire and 
the Manchester district before societies who are unable to pay 
large fees to professional lecturers. The list can be obtained 
from the Hon. Secretary, I\Ir. F. B, Cocker, 22, Filey Road, 
Fallowfield, Manchester. 
REVIEWS AND EXCHANGES. 
Familiar Trees. By Professor G. S. Boulger. With Coloured Plates by Messrs. 
Boot and Muckley.and Plain Plates from photographs and photomicrographs. 
3 vols. 73 ins. X 5I ins. ; pp. 160, 152 and 192. Cassell and Co. Price i8s. 
Professor Boulger’s “Familiar Trees,” so familiar to lovers of Nature, has 
developed into three volumes of the same size. The artistic “get up” is a 
decided improvement. The original edition had only forty trees, we have now 
nearly half as many again, and a large addition of illustrations, together with 
a useful synopsis of the botanical characters, and an index. The descriptions of 
the new trees are on the same interesting lines as the old ones, being full of 
information. We do not see how possibly they could be improved. 
We are glad to see the author introduces ecological observations from time 
to time, as this is the aspect from which botany must be studied for the future. 
Noticing such under the Strawberry-tree {Arbutus Unedo), we observe he has 
shifted the accent to the tt. Hooker regards the word as Untdo ; but we 
presume the author has followed the suggested etymology from untis edo, i.e., 
to eat one berry would be enough ! 
We should have liked to have heard Professor Boulger’s ecological interpre- 
tations of the differences in the distribution and size of the vessels of the wood. 
He describes them as of three sorts: “ non-porous,” tvood (conifers), “ ring- 
potous,” as of Oak, Chestnut, &c., in which the greatest development is in the 
first wood formed in early summer, and “diffuse-porous,” the vessels being more 
or less equally distributed through the whole season’s growth. Botanists have 
not yet made a comparative study of these differences, for the nature of the 
locality where a tree was first evolved ought to be known. But, taking a tree 
known to be intensely xerophytic, as the Tamarisk (PI. I., p. 151), which grows 
in North Africa, where it gets but a small amount of water in spring, we seem 
to see the connection in a small zone of spring vessels. Again, Box and Holly 
