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Cichorium Endivia, L. 
South Europe, Orient, Middle Asia. A biennial plant, used 
since ancient times as a culinary vegetable. 
Cichorium Intyhus, L. 
Chicory. A well-known perennial plant, indigenous to 
Europe, North Africa and North and West Asia. The roots 
can be used as a substitute for Coffee. This plant requires 
a rich deep loamy soil, but fresh manure is detrimental to 
the value of the root. It is also a good fodder-plant espe- 
cially for sheep. The root can also be dressed and boiled 
for culinary purposes. The leaves useful for salad. 
Cimicifuga racemosa, Elliot. 
The Black Snake-root of North America. A perennial herb 
of medicinal value, the root possessing emetic properties. 
Cinchona Calisaya, Ruiz.* 
Yellow Perubark-tree. Andes of Peru and Bolivia, 5-6000 
feet above the ocean. This tree attains a height of 40 feet. 
It yields the yellow bark, and also part of the crownbark. 
It is one of the richest yielder of quinin, and produces 
besides Cinchonidin. 
Cinchona micrantha, Ruiz and Pavon. 
Cordillieres of Bolivia and Peru. This tree attains a height 
of 60 feet, and from it part of the Grey and Huanuco Bark 
as well as Lima Bark are obtained. It is comparatively rich 
in Cinehonin and Quinidin, contains however also Quinin. 
Cinchona nitida, Ruiz and Pavon. 
Andes of Peru and and Ecuador. This tree rises to 80 feet 
under favorable circumstances. It also yields Grey Bark 
and Huanuco Bark, besides Loxa Bark. It will probably 
prove one of the hardiest species. It contains predominantly 
Cinehonin and Quinidin. 
Cinchona officinalis, L. (partly.)* 
{Cinchona Gondaminea, Humboldt) 
Andes of New Grenada and Peru, at a height of 6000 to 
10,000 feet. Yields Crown or Brown Peru Bark, besides 
part of Loxa Bark. Comparatively rich in Quinin and 
