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Cinchonidin. The temperature of the middle regions of 
the Andes, where this tree grows, is almost the same as that 
of the Canary Islands. Superabundance of moisture is par- 
ticularly to this species pernicious. The Crispilla variety 
endures a temperature occasionally as low as 27° F. 
Cinchona clancifolia Mutis is considered by “Weddell a 
variety of C. officinalis. This grows on places, where the 
mean annual temperature is that of Home, with however 
less extremes of heat and cold. It yields part of the Pitaya- 
Bark. 
Cinchona Pitayensis must also be referred to C. officinalis 
as a variety. This attains a height of 60 feet and fur- 
nishes also a portion of the Pitaya Bark. It is this partic- 
ular Cinchona, which in Upper India yielded in some 
instances the unprecedented quantity of 11 per cent, alkaloids, 
nearly 6 per cent. Quinin, the rest Quinidin and Cinchonin. 
In J ava some of the best results were obtained with Cin- 
chona Hasskarliana Miq., a species seemingly as yet not 
critically identified. 
Cinchona snccirubra, Pavon.* 
Middle andine regions of Peru and Ecuador. A tree, 
attaining a height of 40 feet, yielding the red Peru-Bark, 
rich in Quinin and Cinchonidin. It is this species, which is 
predominantly cultivated on the mountains of Bengal. All 
these Chinchonas promise to become of importance for cul- 
ture in the warmest regions of our forest-land, on places not 
readily accessible or eligible for cereal culture. The Peru- 
vian proverb that Cinchona trees like to be “ within sight of 
snow” gives some clue of the conditions, under which they 
thrive best. They delight in the shelter of forests, where 
there is an equable temperature, no frost, some humidity at 
all times both in air and soil, where the ground is deep and 
largely consists of the remnants of decayed vegetable sub- 
stances and where the subsoil is open. Drippage from 
shelter-trees too near will be hurtful to the plants. Closed 
valleys and deep gorges, into which cold air will sink, are 
also not well adapted for cinchona-culture. In our Colony 
we ought to consociate the Perubark-plants with naturally 
