317 
This shrub or small tree is the most effectual of all for 
arresting the progress of drift-sand in a clime like ours. It is 
most easily raised by simply scattering in autumn the seeds 
on the sand and covering them loosely with boughs. 
Ligustrum Japonicum, Thunberg. 
The Japan Privet. A shrub, evergreen or nearly so, 
promising to become a valuable hedge-plant. It grows like 
the ordinary European Privet readily from cuttings. 
Linum usitatissimum, E-* 
The Elax-plant. Orient. A well-known annual, which 
yields the fibre for linen and the linseed oil. Elai-culture 
is doubtless destined to become an important industry 
among us. Pew plants find a wider congeniality of soil 
and climate, and few give a quicker return. Glood and deep 
soil well drained is requisite for successful flax-culture- 
Change of seed-grain is desirable. Thick sowing extends 
the length of the fibre. To obtain the best fibre, the plant 
must be pulled when the seeds commence to ripen. If the 
seeds are allowed in part to mature, then both fibre and 
seed may be turned to account. If the seed is left to ripen 
completely, then the fibre is generally discarded. The seed 
yields by pressure about 22 per cent, of oil. The residue 
can either be prepared as Linseed Meal or be utilized as 
admixture to stable-fodder. The demand for both fibre and 
oil is enormous. The value of our import of raw fibre in 
1871 was already £15,634, while the import of oil was 
£22,469. Two principal varieties are under culture : a 
tall sort, with smaller flowers, closed capsules and dark 
seeds ; a dwarf sort, more branched (even if closely sown) 
with larger flowers and capsules, the seed-vessels opening 
spontaneously and with elasticity, while the seeds are of a 
a pale color. None of the perennial species of Linum are 
so manageable in culture as the ordinary annual flax. 
Lippia citriodora, Kunth. 
Peru, Chili, La Plata States, Brazil. An evergreen shrub, 
yielding scented oil. 
