819 
affairs and also in ameliorating the clime of the desert 
districts. 
Lupinus albus, L. 
The White Lupine. Countries at the Mediterranean 
Sea, also in the Orient. An annual quick-growing 
herb, valuable for fodder and for green manure. The 
lentil-like seeds, after the bitter principle (Lupinin) 
has become removed through boiling, become edible. 
It would lead too far, to enumerate here many others 
of the numerous species of Lupines, of which unques- 
tionably very many are eligible for agrarian purposes, 
while all are acceptable as hardy, elegant and easily grown 
garden plants. One {L. perennis, L.) extends in America 
to the Northern States of the Union and Canada ; fourteen 
are recorded from South Europe, seventeen from Brazil, 
and numerous species from other parts of America, where 
the limits of the genus are about Monte Video south- 
ward and about Nootka Sound northward. The majority of 
the species is perennial. The Egyptian L. Termis, Eorsk., 
is closely allied to L. albus, and of equal use. 
Lupinus luteus, L. 
The Scented Yellow Lupine. Countries in the vicinity of 
the Mediterranean Sea. This likewise annual species is 
predominently in use through Middle Europe, to improve 
sandy soil. It can also be employed like some other 
Lupines as a fodder herb. About 90 lbs. of seeds are 
required for an acre. 
Lupinus varius, L. 
The Blue Lupine. Also a Mediterranean annual, used like 
the above congeners ; but a few others are under cultivation 
as Blue Lupines. Some of the American, particularly Cali- 
fornian species, are regarded for agrian purposes superior 
to the Mediterranean kinds. 
Madura aurantiaca, Nuttall, 
The Osage Orange, or North American Bow-wood, or 
Tellow-wood. Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana. This thorny 
deciduous shrub or tree can be well trained into hedges. 
