820 
It ia unisexual, and will in favourable localities on rich 
river banks attain a height of 60 feet, with a stem 2 to 3 
feet thick, thus becoming available as a timber -tree. Here 
it is recorded as a hedge plant ; as such our own thorny 
Madura Calcar Galli {Morus Calcar Galli, A. Cunningh.) 
of extra-tropical East Australia, which moreover possesses 
small edible fruits, deserves attention for live fences. H either 
of the two is readily subject to blight or attacks of insects. 
The latter produces suckers and from the root a yellow dye. 
Maharanga Emodi, A. de Candolle. 
ISTepaul. The root produces like that of Alkanna tinctoria a 
red dye. 
Mallotus Philippinensis, J • M. 
(Rottlera tinctoria, Eoxburgh.) 
South Asia and East Australia, in jungle-country, extending 
into Hew South Wales. Though not of great importance 
this bush should not be passed on this occasion, inasmuch 
as the powdery substance, investing the seed-capsules, con- 
stitutes the Kamala, which can be employed not only as 
an orange dye, but also as an anthelminthic remedy. The 
Hindoo silk-dyers use it for an orange colour, obtained by 
boiling the Kamala with carbonate of soda. 
Manihot Aipi, Pohl. 
The Sweet Cassava. Tropical South America, but traced as 
far south as the Parana Eiver. The root is reddish and 
harmless ; it can therefore be used, unlike those of the fol- 
lowing species, without any further preparations than boiling, 
as a culinary esculent, irrespective of its starch being also 
available for tapioca. Both are somewhat woody plants, 
several feet high, and they are too important to he left 
altogether unnoticed on this occasion, although we have no 
evidence, that they will prove productive even in those parts 
of Victoria, which are free of frost. The Aipi has ligneous 
tough fibres, stretching along the axis of the tubers, while 
generally the roots of the following species are free of this 
central woody substance. 
