REVIEWS AND EXCHANGES 
95 
The limestone hills in and around Plymouth have been very 
extensively quarried, and several caverns have been laid bare 
containing bones of animals now extinct in Britain. The 
Radford cave, however, was a virgin one : no evidences of its 
ever having been inhabited by man or beast have been found. 
This limestone is good for building purposes, and when polished 
forms a beautiful marble. The handsome columns in the 
Brompton Oratory are from the Radford quarry. They have 
a rich red tint. Visitors to Plymouth notice in wet weather 
that in the streets they are walking on marble. 
The stone is too soft for road making, and where it is used 
for this purpose the roads are very dusty in dry weather and 
very muddy when it is wet. 
Tuckton, Christchurch, Hants, Giles A. Daubeny. 
February 7, igoo. 
REVIEWS AND EXCHANGES. 
Chally Object Lessons in Natuj-e /knowledge for Standards /., II. III. By 
F. W. Hackwood. Longmans, Green and Co. Price 3s. 6d., or in 3 parts 
IS. 6d. each. 
We feel that in our limited space we cannot do justice to this excellent 
school-book. The three parts — presumably one lor each “standard” — each 
contain outlines of thirty lessons. These are mainly devoted to domestic and 
other familiar animals, only the last eleven lessons being given to plants, and 
each outline lesson occupies about five pages. As the Preface states, “ The 
teaching of kindness to animals is now universally recognised as a part of every 
child’s education ; throughout the whole of these Lessons .the humane treatment 
of animals is unobtrusively but consistently inculcated.” The lessons are essen- 
tially practical and logical, observation and inference, the relation of structure to 
function, being inculcated at every step. Besides numerous excellent illustrations 
of the most distinctive parts of the animals, a novel feature is a large series of 
simple white outlines on a black ground, as models for blackboard diagrams of 
the whole animals. These might well be also utilised as drawing copies for 
Outline of a Cat. 
pupils. As an example we can only quote here the summary of a lesson on the 
Cat. “ (l) The feet have soft fle.shy pads : the toes are used for walking 
upon, the heel part being raised. (2) There are five hooked claws on 
each fore foot, and four on each hind foot : they work in and out of sheaths. 
(3) The body is slim, the head round, and the tail long. (4) The eye 
is round, but the pupil varies according to the amount of light. (5) The 
