OLD FIELD NAMES. 
165 
•case in which the word was not restricted to a hedge proper, 
but went back to its older meaning of enclosure, however, 
enclosed. It is on the high ground near the station, where 
stones are abundant and near the surface, and so the owner 
would naturally enclose with a stone wall, and the field would 
be a wall tyning. 
Barton is the enclosure for holding the ricks, originally chiefly 
barley ricks — whence its name, beretun, the ton or tun coming 
from the same word as tyning.''' The word is still in common 
use for a farmyard, but formerly in some cases it stretched 
further, and a barton was the manorial farm not let out to 
tenants but retained in the lord’s own hands. This accounts 
for the name Barton Farm (we have one in Bitton), and near 
Bristol was the large royal demesne of Barton Regis, which 
still remains as the name of the Hundred, though perhaps better 
known as the name of the Poor Law Union. In Bitton the 
name only occurs otherwise as part of the surroundings of a 
farmhouse, though in some cases it is sufficiently large to be 
separately named, as Mow Barton. 
Paddock is a word that has much puzzled the etymologists. 
In its present form it does not appear in English literature till 
the latter half of the 17th century, and its earlier form wa.s parvac , 
or peavroc. In that form it is a very old word for an enclosure, 
almost of any sort. King Alfred speaks of the world as a 
parrok, f and as parrock it probably lasted till changed into 
paddock, though very few examples, or none, can be found 
after the beginning of the i6th century. It is this change that 
puzzles the etymologists, the change from the double “r” to 
the double “ d,” of which no other examples can be found 
except in the Lancashire use of poddish for porridge. Park is 
the same word etymologically, but the park was always a large 
■enclosure for keeping game for the lord’s hunting, while pad- 
dock was a small enclosure, often and generally within a park, 
for the training of horses, greyhounds, etc. Wherever the 
name paddock appears as an old field name I should suppose it 
would mark the near neighbourhood of an ancient house of 
some importance. 
Hayes is another old word for a hedge or enclosure. It forms 
the first syllable of hawthorn in its other form of hawe, and is 
well-known in Bath as a place name. East Hayes and Upper 
Hayes. 
All these generic names that I have mentioned have one 
feature in common ; they all mark enclosures, and so they carry 
us back to the time when enclosures were the exception and not 
the rule as they are now : it is not so long ago that by far the 
greater part of England was unenclosed. 
H. N. Ellacombe. 
* Barn comes from the same root. It was originally hern or bernes, and 
bern=bere-ern, a storehouse for barley . — Ayeiibite of hmyt, Glossarial Index, 
f Thisum lythum parrocce. — King Alfred — trans. of Boethius. 
