GENEVA, NEW YORK 
The lime will supply enough heat to boil the mixture several minutes. As soon as it is well slaked, water should be added 
to cool the mixture and prevent further cooking. It is then ready to be strained into the spray tank, diluted and applied. 
"The stage at which cold water should be poured on to stop the cooking varies with different limes. Some limes are 
so sluggish in slaking that it is difficult to obtain enough heat from them to cook the mixture at all, while other limes 
become intensely hot on slaking and care must be taken not to allow the boiling to proceed too far. If the mixture is 
allowed to remain hot fifteen or twenty minutes after the slaking is completed, the sulphur goes into solution, com- 
bining with the lime to form sulphides, which are injurious to peach foliage. It is very important, especially with hot 
lime, to cool the mixture quickly by adding a few buckets of water as soon as the lumps of lime have slaked down. The 
intense heat, violent boiling, and constant stirring result in a uniform mixture of finely divided sulphur and lime, 
with only a very small percentage of the sulphur in solution. This mixture should be strained to take out the coarse 
particles of lime, but the sulphur should be carefully worked through the strainer.” 
Dilutions for Dormant and Summer Spraying with Lime-Sulphur 
Reading of hydrometer 
Degrees of Beaiund 
35 
34 
33 
32 
31 
30 
29 
28 
27 
26 
25 
Amount of dilution 
Number of gallons of water to one 
gallon of Time-sulphur solution 
For 
For 
For summer 
San Jos4 
blister 
spraying of 
scale 
mite 
apples 
9 
12X 
45 
8K 
12 
43K 
8X 
UK 
41 K 
8 
11 
40 
7X 
lOK 
37K 
7Lf 
10 
36K 
6K 
9K 
34K 
6K 
9 
32K 
6 
8K 
31 
5K 
8 
29K 
5}^ 
7K 
27K 
Reading of hydrometer 
Degrees Beaumd 
24 
23 
22 
21 
20 
19 
18 
17 
16 
15 
14 
OF LEAD 
Mixtures* 
Amount of dilution 
Number of gallons of water to one 
gallon of Time-sulphur solution 
For 
For 
For summer 
San Jos4 
blister- 
spraying of 
scale 
mite 
apples 
5 
7 
26 
4K 
OK 
24K 
4K 
6 
22K 
3K 
5K 
21 K 
3K 
5 
19K 
3K 
4K 
18K 
3 
4K 
17 
2K 
4 
16 
2K 
3K 
15 
2K 
3K 
14 
2 
3 
12K 
ARSENATE 
Aresenate of Lead 6 pounds 
Water 100 gallons 
It is better to purchase arsenate of lead than to attempt to make it. In mixing, preparatory to spraying, the 
amount of arsenate of lead for each spray tank full should be worked into a very thin paste having the appearance of 
milk of lime. It should never be thrown as a mass into the spray tank. This is a standard spray for codling moth 
and other eating insects. It is possible, however, that we shall use arsenite of zinc in the future. 
KEROSENE EMULSION 
Kerosene 2 gallons 
Hard Soap (whale-oil soap) >4 pound 
Water 1 gallon 
Dissolve soap in water by boiling; add hot suds to the kerosene. Do not do this near a fire. Agitate the mixture 
with a spray pump so as to emulsify the oil. After five minutes the mixture becomes creamy. To use, dilute the above 
stock solution at the rate of one gallon to ten gallons of water. This is a standard remedy for destroying green aphis, 
wooly aphis, mealy bugs and other plant lice. It may be used instead of the tobacco solutions if desired. 
CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE 
(Bichloride of Mercury) 
This is the standard disinfectant when working with PEAR BLIGHT. No other disinfectant should be used to 
wash the cut surfaces or to disinfect the pruning tools. 
Corrosive Sublimate 1 part 
Water 1000 parts 
■Corrosive sublimate may be purchased in tablet form at drug stores and directions for making solutions will be 
found on the container. Never put corrosive sublimate into a metallic container, always use a glass bottle. Be sure 
to label the bottle “Poison” in large, plain letters. It is the deadliest of poi.sons. 
WHITEWASHESt 
1. Government Whitewash 
Lime (unslaked) 40 pounds Spanish Whiting K pound 
Salt 15 pounds Glue 1 pound 
Rice Flour (or ground rice) 3 pounds Water 5 gallons 
Slake the lime in warm water and cover so as to keep in the steam; strain through a fine sieve or strainer; add 
the salt, well dissolved in warm water. Then add the rice boiled hot; the Spanish whiting; and finally the glue which 
has been previously dissolved over a slow fire. Lastly, add the five gallons of hot water. Stir well and let stand for 
a few days. Apply hot with a brush. One pint of the mixture will cover a square yard. Coloring matter may be put 
in, such as Spanish brown, yellow ochre, etc. 
HOW TO SPRAY 
Drench every part of the tree. Spray thoroughly. The most difficult places to reach should receive your most 
careful attention. Reach every crack, calyx cup, behind buds and in bud scales. Do not economize on spray material 
and sacrifice efficiency. Use a high pressure pump. 200 pounds pressure should be maintained. Spraying out of 
season is valueless. Determine what you must spray for. Use the right kind of material. 
♦Parrott & Schoene, N. Y. State (Geneva) Bui. 330. 
tl912 Spraying Calendar, Medford, Oregon.) 
3 
