HINTS ON TRANSPLANTING-, 
AND THE MANAGEMENT OF TKEES. 
Trees and Plants to succeed well, must have good culture. 
The soil should be dry and deep, that is, one where the roots of trees can 
penetrate to a considerable depth without coming in contact with stagnant 
moisture. If the soil does not have this, the first requisite, it should be 
thoroughly underdrained. Subsoiling will be found highly beneficial. The 
manure for an orchard should consist of well decomposed stable manure, 
muck, and leached ashes, thoroughly incorporated with the soil before planting. 
All bruised and broken roots should be cut smoothly off, and the long ones 
shortened in to a proper length. Prepare the hole large enough to receive tho 
roots in their natural position; fill in with fine earth, using the best top soil, 
(but no manure,) taking care that no spaces are left beneath or about the roots. 
Press the earth firmly (but not hard) about the tree, and let it stand the same 
depth it stood in the Nursery, except Dwarf Pear Trees, which should have the 
Quince stock two or three inches below the surface. 
Pruning the tree consists in cutting back the tops to correspond with the 
necessary loss of roots caused by removal. On standard trees all branches not 
intended to form the head of the tree should be cut out clean, and the remaining 
ones cut back to within one half or one third of their last season’s growth. 
Dwarf trees should have their lower limbs left the longest, to preserve the 
pyramidal form. Mulching is important to success in transplanting, and con- 
sists simply in placing on the surface, about the tree, some old straw or coarse 
manure, four or five inches thick and four or five feet in diameter. This keeps 
the ground moist during the summer, and trees will not need any surface 
watering. 
In windy or exposod situations we would recommend staking Standard trees. 
This should be done effectually, by placing a stout stake close by the tree, and 
securing it firmly to it. 
■Where it is designed to plant trees on lawns or grass plots, a circle two or 
three feet from the tree should be kept dear of grass. 
The labels should be taken from the trees immediately after planting, to pre- 
vent the wire from cutting them. 
The after-culture consists in keeping the ground clean and well cultivated ; 
low hoed crops being preferable for planting among trees. 
