of all types (alfalfa and all other). The quantity 
harvested was reported in green tons. If two or more 
cuttings of haylage, grass silage, or greenchop were 
made from the same field, the acreage was reported 
as acres harvested in the appropriate haylage 
category only once, and the tonnage from all cuttings 
was combined in the corresponding quantity 
harvested. Straw acreage and production is excluded. 
Hired farm labor. Data are for total hired farm 
workers, including paid family members, by number 
of days worked. Data exclude contract laborers. 
Hogs and pigs by type of operation. Hog and pig 
farms were classified by primary type of operation. 
Operation types were farrow to wean, farrow to 
feeder, farrow to finish, nursery, finish only, and 
other. Each description was accepted and the 
reported inventory and sales data were assigned to 
each reported type. 
Hogs and pigs by type of producer. Hog and pig 
farms were classified by one type of producer. 
Producer types were independent grower, contractor 
or integrator, and contract grower (contractee). Each 
description was accepted and the reported inventory 
and sales data were assigned to each reported type. 
Honey collected. Data are for pounds of honey 
collected but not necessarily sold. See Colonies of 
bees. 
Horses and ponies, owned. See “Owned horses and 
ponies.” 
Hungarian partridge. This is a new item for 2012. 
In 2007, Hungarian partridge were reported as other 
poultry. 
Income. Net cash farm income is published for the 
operation and operator. The difference between net 
cash income and net cash returns is that net cash 
returns does not include government payments and 
other farm-related income as income. See Net cash 
farm income of the operations and Net cash farm 
income of the operators. 
Income from farm-related sources. See Total 
income from farm-related sources, gross before taxes 
and expenses. 
B -12 APPENDIX B 
Institutional, research, experimental, and 
American Indian Reservation farms. Data for 
these farms are combined into a single category. 
Research farms include farms operated by private 
companies as well as those operated by universities, 
colleges, and government organizations for the 
purpose of expanding agricultural knowledge. 
Irrigated land. This category includes all land 
watered by any artificial or controlled means, such as 
sprinklers, flooding, furrows or ditches, sub- 
irrigation, and spreader dikes. Included are 
supplemental, partial, and preplant irrigation. Each 
acre was counted only once regardless of the number 
of times it was irrigated or harvested. If an operation 
reported less than one acre irrigated, the irrigated 
land for the operation was rounded to one acre. 
Livestock lagoon waste water distributed by 
sprinkler or flood systems was also included. 
Land area, approximate. The approximate land 
area represents the total land area as determined by 
records and calculations as of January 1, 2012. The 
proportion of land area in farms may exceed 100- 
percent because some operations have land in two or 
more counties, but all acres are tabulated in the 
principal county of operation. The approximate land 
area data were supplied by the U.S. Department of 
Commerce, Bureau of the Census. See Land in two 
or more counties. 
Land enrolled in crop insurance programs. The 
data are for all land enrolled in any Federal, private 
or other crop insurance program. It includes acreage 
of pasture/rangeland enrolled in crop insurance 
programs in areas where it is provided. Data are 
comparable with 2007. 
Land enrolled in the Conservation Reserve 
Program (CRP), Wetlands Reserve Program 
(WRP), Farmable Wetlands Program (FWP), or 
Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program 
(CREP). CRP is a program established by the 
USD A in 1985 that takes land prone to erosion out 
of production for 10 to 15 years and devotes it to 
conservation uses. In return, farmers receive an 
annual rental payment for carrying out approved 
conservation practices on the conservation acreage. 
The WRP, FWP, and CREP programs are included 
under the Conservation Reserve Program and offers 
landowners financial incentives for conservation 
2012 Census of Agriculture 
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service 
